On the anatomical term tunica dartos

Title: On the anatomical term tunica dartos
Source document: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2013, vol. 18, iss. 2, pp. [151]-158
Extent
[151]-158
  • ISSN
    1803-7402 (print)
    2336-4424 (online)
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
 

Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.

Abstract(s)
In the medical literature of antiquity the first time a more detailed description of the sexual organs appears is in the work of Aristotle. He does not know the term dartos, however, nor is it to be found in Herophilos, although considering that he introduced the term darsis, excoriation, there is a theoretical possibility that he might have used it. Dartos occurs in preserved Greek sources for the first time in the writings of Rufus of Ephesus, understood as an adjective to the substantive citèn, meaning envelope, mantle or membrane, and then it is used in various grammatical forms. From the chronological point of view, however, the first time we find this term documented is in Roman literature, namely in Celsus. He took over the adjective as a term in its own right, and applied it to the grammatically feminine tunica, not as an adjective but as the name or designation of the integument. Other authors took a similar approach, understanding dartos as an adjectival noun, seldom explaining or inflecting it, and only rarely did they use the Latin name which might have been a terminological equivalent. Ultimately the adjective dartos finds its way into the first codification of anatomical nomenclature, the Basiliensia Nomina Anatomica of 1895, and it persists in that nomenclature to this day.
V antickej medicínskej literatúre sa vyskytuje podrobnejší opis pohlavných orgánov prvýkrát až u Aristotela, ale on termín dartos nepozná, nie je doložený ani u Herofila, hoci tu vzhľadom na to, že zaviedol termín darsis, excoriation, existuje teoreticky možnosť, že ho používal. V zachovaných gréckych prameňoch sa dartos prvýkrát vyskytuje v spisoch Rufa z Efezu, chápe sa ako adjektívum k substantívu citèn, obal, plášť, blana, a používa sa v rôznych gramatických tvaroch. Z chronologického hľadiska však prvýkrát tento termín je doložený až v rímskej literatúre a to u Celsa. Tento prevzal už len adjektívum ako termín a priradil ho ku gramatickému feminínu tunica nie ako adjektívum, ale ako názov, pomenovanie obalu. Podobne postupovali iní autori, chápali ho ako spodstatnené adjektívum a len málokedy uvádzali latinský názov, ktorý by mohol byť terminologickým ekvivalentom a zriedkavo ho vysvetľovali alebo skloňovali. Napokon sa adjektívum dartos dostalo aj do prvej kodifikácie anatomického názvoslovia, do Bazilejského anatomického názvoslovia, a pretrváva v ňom dodnes.
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