Lacertus in der Geschichte der anatomischen Nomenklatur

Title: Lacertus in der Geschichte der anatomischen Nomenklatur
Variant title:
  • Lacertus in the history of anatomical nomenclature
Source document: Graeco-Latina Brunensia. 2016, vol. 21, iss. 2, pp. 317-327
Extent
317-327
  • ISSN
    1803-7402 (print)
    2336-4424 (online)
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
 

Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.

Abstract(s)
In Classical Latin lacertus was a polysemic word which in addition to meaning "lizard" had the meaning "muscle" and so especially in anatomy "(upper arm) muscle, upper arm, arm". In the Middle Ages, semantic narrowing of lacertus began and the word referred mostly to the muscle. At the same time, a distinction was made between musculus and lacertus, but often without clear criteria for distinguishing between them. Great modern history anatomists, beginning with Andreas Vesalius, presented, in addition to the expression musculus, other terms for muscle – lacertus and pisciculus – but they showed a preference for musculus. In the 18th century, there was a further semantic reduction of lacertus to "little bundle of muscle fibers, fasciculus". In 1694, William Cowper was the first to describe the aponeurosis of bicipital muscle calling it fascia tendinosa. Later, other terms were also used for this structure. In 1864, Josef Hyrtl added the synonymous term lacertus fibrosus to the German aponeurotisches Fascikel. Finally, this term (lacertus fibrosus) became part of the first unified anatomical nomenclature, BNA in 1895. The synonym aponeurosis m. bicipitis brachii was added in the Paris anatomical nomenclature of 1955 and these two terms have persisted in the official anatomical nomenclature to this day.
References
[1] D'Abano, P. (1565). Conciliator differentiarum quae inter philosophos et medicos versantur. Venetiis (Venedig): apud Iuntas.

[2] Ahlheim, K.-H. (Ed.). (1985). Duden. Das Wörterbuch medizinischer Fachausdrücke (4. Aufl.). Mannheim–Wien–Zürich: Bibliographisches Inst.

[3] André, J. (1991). Le vocabulaire latin de l'anatomie. Paris: Belles Lettres.

[4] Avicenna (1479). Canon medicinae (Transl. Gerardus Cremonensis). Padua: s. n.

[5] Bartholin, T. (1651). Anatomia reformata. Lugduni Batavorum (Leiden): Apud Franciscum Hackium.

[6] Berengario da Carpi, J. (1521). Carpi Commentaria cum amplissimis additionibus super Anatomia Mundini una cum textu ejusdem in pristinum & verum nitorem redacto. Bonn: de Benedictis.

[7] Beullens, P., & Bossier, F. (Eds.). (2000). Aristoteles: De historia animalium (Transl. G. de Morbeka; Pars prima: lib. I‒V). Leiden‒Boston‒Köln: Brill.

[8] Caldani, L. (1803). Tabulae anatomicae ligamentorum corporis humani. Venetiis (Venedig): s. n.

[9] Chauliac, G. de (1585). Chirurgia magna. Lugduni (Lyon): Beraud & Michael.

[10] Colombo, R. (1569). De re anatomica libri XV. Venetiis (Venedig): Beuilacquae.

[11] Cowper, W. (1694). Myotomia reformata. London: Smith and Walford.

[12] Douglas, J. (1707). Myographiae Comparatae Specimen. London: printed by W. B. for G. Strachan.

[13] Dvořák, J. (1960). Srovnávací slovník anatomických nomenklatur. Praha: Státní zdravotnické nakladatelství.

[14] Estienne, Ch. (1545). De dissectione partium corporis humani. Paris: Colinaeus.

[15] Eustachius, B. (1714). Tabulae anatomicae. Romae: Gonzaga.

[16] Frampton, M. (2008). Voluntary Animal Motion from Greek Antiquity to the Latin Middle Ages, 400 B. C. – A. D. 1300. Diss. University of Chicago.

[17] Gaza, T. (Transl.), & Podocatharus, L. (Ed.). (1476). Aristoteles. Historia animalium. De partibus animalium. De generatione animalium. Venedig: Johannes de Colonia.

[18] Gegenbaur, C. (1883). Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen. Leipzig: Engelmann.

[19] Georges, K. E. (1869). Ausführliches Lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch (Vol. II). Leipzig: Hahn.

[20] Gersdorff, H. von (1517). Feldbuch der Wundartzney. Strassburg: Schott.

[21] Gigon, O. (Ed.). (1998). Cicero: Gespräche in Tusculum. Tusculanae disputationes. Lateinisch-deutsch. Düsseldorf‒Zürich‒München: Artemis & Winkler.

[22] Gray, H. (1858). Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical (1. Aufl.). London: Parker and Son.

[23] Gray, H. (1864). Anatomy Descriptive and Surgical (3. Aufl.). London: Longman.

[24] Gray, H. (1910). Anatomy Descriptive and Applied (18. Aufl.). Philadelphia‒New York: Lea & Febiger.

[25] Grimal, P. (Ed.). (1969). Seneca: De vita beata. Paris: Presses Univ. de France.

[26] Haller, A. von (1762). Elementa physiologiae corporis humani (Vol. IV). Lausannae: Sumptibus Francisci Grasset.

[27] Hyrtl, J. (1846). Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen (1. Aufl.). Prag: Ehrlich.

[28] Hyrtl, J. (1867). Lehrbuch der Anatomie des Menschen (10. Aufl.). Wien: Braumüller.

[29] Hyrtl, J. (1880). Onomatologia anatomica. Wien: Braumüller.

[30] Kaltio, O. (Ed.). (2011). Constantine the African: Theorica Pantegni. Helsinki: National Library of Finland.

[31] Kenney, E. J. (Ed., Comm.). (1961). P. Ovidi Nasonis Amores, Medicamina faciei femineae, Ars amatoria, Remedia amoris. Oxonii (Oxford): E typographeo Clarendoniano.

[32] Langslow, D. R. (2000). Medical Latin in the Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[33] Larrain, C. J. (1993). Ein bislang unbekanntes griechisches Fragment der Galen zugeschriebenen Schrift ΠΕΡΙ ἈΠΟΡΩΝ ΚΙΝΗΣΕΩΝ (De motibus dubiis). Philologus, 137, 265‒273. | DOI 10.1524/phil.1993.137.2.265

[34] Larrain, C. J. (Ed.). (1994). Galen: De motibus dubiis. Die lateinische Übersetzung des Niccolò da Reggio. Traditio, 49, 171‒233. | DOI 10.1017/S0362152900013039

[35] Lindsay, W. M. (Ed.). (1911). Isidor Hispalensis: Etymologiarum sive originum libri XX. Oxford: Clarendon.

[36] Marx, F. (Ed.). (1915). A. C. Celsi quae supersunt (CML, I). Leipzig–Berlin: Teubner.

[37] Maurach, G. (1978). Johannicius Isagoge ad Techne Galieni. Sudhoffs Archiv, 62, 148‒174.

[38] Migne, J. P. (Ed.). (1855). Hildegardis Bingensis Liber diuinorum operum. In S. Hildegardis abbatissae opera omnia, ad optimorum librorum fidem edita (Patrologia Latina, 197). Paris: Migne.

[39] Mynors, R. A. B. (Ed.). (1969). P. Vergili Maronis Opera. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

[40] Niedermann, M., & Liechtenhan, E. (Eds.), Kollesch, J., & Nickel, D. (Transl.). (1968). Marcelli de medicamentis liber. Marcellus: Über Heilmittel (2 Bde.; 2. Aufl.). Berlin: Akademie-Verlag.

[41] Nutton, V. (1995). Medicine in Medieval Western Europe, 1000‒1500. In L. I. Conrad (Ed.), The Western Medical Tradition 800 BC to AD 1800 (pp. 139‒206). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

[42] Pagel, J. L. (Ed.). (1892). Henry de Mondeville. Die Chirurgie des Heinrich von Mondeville. Berlin: Hirschwald.

[43] Pearson, A. Ch. (Ed.). (1975). Sophoclis Fabulae. Oxford: E typographeo Clarendoniano.

[44] Peck, A. L. (Transl.). (2011). Aristotle: History of animals, Books I-III. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.

[45] Postgate, I. P. (Ed.). (1965). Tibulli Carminum libri tres (2. ed.). Oxonii (Oxford): Clarendon.

[46] Renzi, S. de (Ed.). (1859). Poema anatomicum. In Collectio Salernitana (Vol. 5; pp. 173‒198). Naples: s. n.

[47] Santorini, J. D. (1724). Observationes anatomicae. Venetiis (Venedig): Recurti.

[48] Scheller, E., & Frieboes, W. (Ed., Transl., Comm.). (1906). Celsus Aulus Cornelius über die Arzneiwissenschaft. Braunschweig: Vieweg & Sohn.

[49] Silagiová, Z. et al. (2002). Latinitatis medii aevi lexicon Bohemorum. Slovník středověké latiny v českých zemích, 18: 2. Iris ‒ Lapidea. Praha: Koniasch Latin Press.

[50] Skoda, F. (1988). Médecine ancienne et métaphore. Le vocabulaire de l'anatomie et de la pathologie en grec ancien. Louvain–Paris: Peeters/Selaf.

[51] Soemmerring, S. Th. (1794). De corporis humani fabrica (Vol. II). Traiecti ad Moenum (Frankfurt am Main): Sumptibus Varrentrappii et Wenneri.

[52] Souter, A. et al. (Eds.). (1968). Oxford Latin Dictionary. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

[53] Spencer, W. G. (Transl.). (1994). Celsus: On medicine (Vol. III). Cambridge (Mass.)–London: Harvard University Press.

[54] Spiegel, A. van den (1632). De humani corporis fabrica libri X. Francofurti (Frankfurt): Merianus.

[55] Stadler, H. (Ed.). (1916). Albertus Magnus. De animalibus libri XXVI, I. Band: Buch I.‒XII. Münster: Aschendorff.

[56] Sudhoff, K. (1918). Die Chirurgie des Roger Frugardi von Salern. In: Beiträge zur Geschichte der Chirurgie im Mittelalter (Vol. II; pp. 148‒236). Leipzig: Barth.

[57] Vesalius, A. (1543). De corporis humani fabrica. Basileæ (Basel): Oporinus.

[58] Vollmer, F. (Ed.). (1914). Dracontius: De laudibus dei. In Poetae Latini minores (Vol. V; pp. 1‒94). Lipsiae (Leipzig): Teubner.

[59] Warmington, E. H. (Ed., Transl.). (1967). Remains of Old Latin: in four volumes, III: The twelve tables / Lucilius. Cambridge (Mass.): Harvard University Press.

[60] Weitbrecht, J. (1742). Syndesmologia sive historia ligamentorum corporis humani. Petropoli (Petersburg): Academiae Scientiarum.

[61] Whitmore, I. et al. (1998). Terminologia anatomica: International Anatomical Terminology. New York‒ Stuttgart: Thieme.

[62] Winslow, J.-B. (1732). Exposition anatomique de la structure du corps humain (Vol. II). Paris: Desprez.

[63] Zinn, I. G. (1755). Descriptio anatomica oculi humani. Gottingae (Göttingen): Vandenhoeck.