Influences of parents on ethnic identity negotiation of Korean immigrant youths in Canada

Title: Influences of parents on ethnic identity negotiation of Korean immigrant youths in Canada
Variant title:
  • Les influences des parents sur la négociation d'identité ethnique des jeunes immigrés coréens au Canada
Author: Paek, Lindsey
Source document: The Central European journal of Canadian studies. 2019, vol. 14, iss. [1], pp. 35-45
Extent
35-45
  • ISSN
    1213-7715 (print)
    2336-4556 (online)
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Rights access
embargoed access
 

Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.

Abstract(s)
This paper seeks to identify and explain influences of parents on the acculturative experiences of immigrant youths in the context of Korean immigrant families. The focus is placed on high levels of expectations that the first-generation parents have for their children in both academic and cultural domains. Korean parents often believe that high levels of educational attainment and retention of the heritage language are necessary for their children to succeed and become multi-lingual and multi-cultural within the Canadian society. Despite the consequent pressure and stress, 1.5- and second-generation Korean immigrants often seem to be able to adapt to the mainstream and heritage culture as well as values that they experience in Canada, which leads to the development of their hyphenated ethnic identity as Korean-Canadian.
Cet article cherche à identifier et expliquer les influences des parents sur l'acculturation de jeunes immigrés dans le contexte des familles coréennes immigrées. L'accent est mis sur la forte attente des parents de première génération pour leurs enfants dans les domaines académique et culturel. Les parents coréens croient que les niveaux les plus élevés de scolarité ainsi que la conservation de la langue d'origine sont nécessaires pour que leurs enfants réussissent et deviennent polyglottes et multiculturels dans la société canadienne. Malgré la pression et le stress qui en résultent, les immigrés coréens de 1,5 et deuxième génération semblent souvent pouvoir s'adapter aux cultures et valeurs de la société dominante ainsi que celles de la société d'origine, qui contribuent au développement de leur identité ethnique à trait d'union en tant que coréen-canadiens.
References
[1] Bramadat, Paul, and David Seljak, eds. Religion and ethnicity in Canada. University of Toronto Press, 2009. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3138/9781442686137

[2] Brown, Clara L. "Heritage language and ethnic identity: A case study of Korean-American college students." International Journal of Multicultural Education, vol. 11, no. 1, 2009, pp. 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18251/ijme.v11i1.157 | DOI 10.18251/ijme.v11i1.157

[3] Colin, Lindsay. "Profiles of Ethnic Communities in Canada: The Korean Community in Canada." Statistics Canada, 2001, https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/89–621-x/89–621-x2007014-eng.pdf?st=tNrqDQ6E. Accessed 30 April 2018.

[4] Danico, Mary Y. The 1.5 generation: Becoming Korean American in Hawaii. University of Hawaii Press, 2004.

[5] Goyette, Kimberly, and Yu Xie. "Educational Expectations of Asian American Youths: Determinants and Ethnic Differences." Sociology of Education, vol. 72, no. 1, 1999, pp. 22–36. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2673184. | DOI 10.2307/2673184

[6] Hao, Lingxin, and Melissa Bonstead-Bruns. "Parent-Child Differences in Educational Expectations and the Academic Achievement of Immigrant and Native Students." Sociology of Education, vol. 71, no. 3, 1998, pp. 175–198. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/2673201. | DOI 10.2307/2673201

[7] Howard-Hassmann, Rhoda E. "'Canadian' as an Ethnic Category: Implications for Multiculturalism and National Unity." Canadian Public Policy / Analyse de Politiques, vol. 25, no. 4, 1999, pp. 523–537. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/3552426. | DOI 10.2307/3552426

[8] Jeong, Junmin, and Danièle Bélanger. "'Kirogi Families as Virtual 'Families': Perspectives and Experiences of Kirogi Mothers." Korean Immigrants in Canada: Perspectives on Migration, Integration, and the Family, edited by Noh, Samuel, Ann Kim, and Marianne Noh, University of Toronto Press, 2012, pp. 259–284.

[9] Kim, Eunjung. "Korean Immgirant Fathering: Dealing with Two Cultures." On New Shores: Understanding Immigrant Fathers in North America, edited by Chuang, Susan S., and Moreno, Robert P., Lexington Books, 2008, pp. 175–196.

[10] Kim, Jean, and Patricia Duff. "The Language Socialization and Identity Negotiations of Generation 1.5 Korean-Canadian University Students." TESL Canada Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, 2012, pp.81–102. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v29i0.1111 | DOI 10.18806/tesl.v29i0.1111

[11] Kwon, Young I., and Susan S. Chuang. "Korean Fathers on Canadian Shores." Korean Immigrants in Canada: Perspectives on Migration, Integration, and the Family, edited by Noh, Samuel, Kim, Ann, and Noh, Marianne, University of Toronto Press, 2012, pp. 235–258.

[12] Medvedeva, Maria. "Negotiating Languages in Immigrant Families." TESL Canada Journal, vol. 29, no. 1, 2012, pp. 517–545. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747–7379.2012.00895.x | DOI 10.1111/j.1747–7379.2012.00895.x

[13] Methikalam, Bindu. Perfectionism and Family Expectations in Asian Indians: How These Variables Relate to Acculturation and Mental Health. 2008. Pennsylvania State University, PhD dissertation. https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/8979

[14] Noh, Samuel, et al. "Ethnic Identity and Self-Concept among Korean-Canadian Youth." Korean Immigrants in Canada: Perspectives on Migration, Integration, and the Family, edited by Noh, Samuel, Ann Kim, and Marianne Noh, University of Toronto Press, 2012, pp. 171–190.

[15] Ogbu, John U., and Herbert D. Simons. "Voluntary and Involuntary Minorities: A CulturalEcological Theory of School Performance with Some Implications for Education." Anthropology & Education Quarterly, vol. 29, no. 2, 1998, pp. 155–188. | DOI 10.1525/aeq.1998.29.2.155

[16] Pak, Holly R. "When MT is L2: The Korean Church School as a Context for Cultural Identity." Continua of Biliteracy: An Ecological Framework for Educational Policy, Research, and Practice in Multilingual Settings, edited by Hornberger, Nancy H., Multilingual Matters Ltd., 2003, pp. 269–290.

[17] Park, Jin-Kyu. "'English fever' in South Korea: Its history and symptoms." English Today, vol. 25, no. 1, 2009, pp. 50–57. DOI 10.1017/S026607840900008X |

[18] Park, Seong M., and Mela Sarkar. "Parents" Attitudes towards Heritage Language Maintenance for their Children and their Efforts to Help their Children Maintain the Heritage Language: A Case Study of Korean-Canadians." Language, Culture, and Curriculum, vol. 20, no. 3, 2007, pp. 223–235. https://doi.org/10.2167/lcc337.0 | DOI 10.2167/lcc337.0

[19] Phinney, Jean S., et al. "Ethnic Identity, Immigration, and Well-Being: An Interactional Perspective." Journal of Social Issues, vol. 57, no. 3, 2001, pp. 493–510. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022–4537.00225 | DOI 10.1111/0022-4537.00225

[20] Phinney, Jean S., et al. "The Role of Language, Parents, and Peers in Ethnic Identity Among Adolescents in Immigrant Families." Journal of Youth and Adolescence vol. 30, no. 2, 2001, pp. 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010389607319 | DOI 10.1023/A:1010389607319

[21] "Religion." Department Global Communication and Communication and Contents Division, n.d., http://www.korea.net/AboutKorea/Korean-Life/Religion. Accessed 30 April 2018.

[22] Rumbaut, Ruben G., and Kenji Ima. "The Adaptation of Southeast Asian Refugee Youth: A Comparative Study." Final Report to the Office of Resettlement, San Diego State University, 1988, San Diego (ERIC Document Service Reproduction Service No. ED 299 372).

[23] Saw, Anne, Howard Berenbaum, and Sumie Okazaki. "Influences of Personal Standards and Perceived Parental Expectations on Worry for Asian American and White American College Students." Anxiety, stress, and coping, vol. 26, no. 2, 2013, pp. 187–202. DOI 10.1080/10615806.2012.668536 |

[24] Sok, Sarah Y. Five Korean Immigrant Mothers, Five Korean American Daughters. 2012. University of California, Master dissertation. ProQuest ID: Sok_ucla_0031N_10323. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m51v5fq0. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7s37r3p9

[25] Yau, Maria, et al. "Census Portraits: East Asian." Toronto District School Board, 2011, https://www.tdsb.on.ca/Portals/research/docs/reports/PortraitsEastAsian.pdf. Accessed 30 April 2018.