The future of AI : Stanisław Lem's philosophical visions for AI and cyber-societies in Cyberiad

Title: The future of AI : Stanisław Lem's philosophical visions for AI and cyber-societies in Cyberiad
Source document: Pro-Fil. 2021, vol. 22, iss. Special issue, pp. 39-53
Extent
39-53
  • ISSN
    1212-9097 (online)
Type: Article
Language
 

Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.

Abstract(s)
Looking into the future is always a risky endeavour, but one way to anticipate the possible future shape of AI-driven societies is to examine the visionary works of some sci-fi writers. Not all sci-fi works have such visionary quality, of course, but some of Stanisław Lem's works certainly do. We refer here to Lem's works that explore the frontiers of science and technology and those that describe imaginary societies of robots. We therefore examine Lem's prose, with a focus on the Cyberiad stories, to see what challenges our future technological societies may face when they entrust their lives to AI technology. For example, what questions should we ask, and what questions do we forget to ask, when developing AI systems and allowing these systems to control our lives. The technologically honed minds of our current technocrats are perhaps too limited to guide us into this future, because AI-based technology is relatively unchartered territory, as any new, complex technology is by nature. Lem's visions of future societies oriented around AI and robotics portray AI technology in a deeper and more nuanced way than the current technological visions offered by our leading technological prophets. Based on Lem's visions, what is to come may not turn out to be an AI-driven nirvana.
References
[1] Art that capture the eye and the mind (2021), [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.artaigallery.com/ .

[2] Parable of Monkey (2021), [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.angelfire.com/in/hypnosonic/Parable_of_the_Monkeys.html .

[3] The 6 Levels of Vehicle Autonomy Explained (2021), [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.synopsys.com/automotive/autonomous-driving-levels.html.

[4] Ahlstrom-Vij, K. (2013): Why We Cannot Rely on Ourselves for Epistemic Improvement, in Epistemic Paternalism: A Defence. Palgrave Macmillan, 6–38.

[5] Bolter, J. D. (1984): Turing's Man: Western Culture in the Computer Age, University of North Carolina Press.

[6] Borgo, S. – Vieu L. (2009): Artefacts in Formal Ontology, in Gabbay, D. et al. (eds.) Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, North Holland, 273–307.

[7] Bostrom, N. (2014): Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, Oxford University Press.

[8] Brockman, J. (2020): Possible minds. 25 ways of looking at AI, Penguin Books.

[9] Bush, J. (2021): Predictions in technology are almost always wrong, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.electronicspecifier.com/industries/industrial/predictions-in-technology-are-almost-always-wrong.

[10] Chalmers, D. (2010): The Singularity: A philosophical analysis, Journal of Consciousness Studies 17 (9(10)), 7–65.

[11] Eckersley, P. – Sandberg, A. (2013): Is Brain Emulation Dangerous?, Journal of Artificial General Intelligence 4(3) 170–194. | DOI 10.2478/jagi-2013-0011

[12] Elgin, C.Z. (2013): Epistemic Agency, Theory and Research in Education 11(2), 135–152. | DOI 10.1177/1477878513485173

[13] Gans, J. (2018): AI and the paperclip problem, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://voxeu.org/article/ai-and-paperclip-problem.

[14] Gibbs, S. (2014): Facebook apologises for psychological experiments on users, The Guardian, 2014-7-2, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/02/facebook-apologises-psychological-experiments-on-users.

[15] Hart, M. (2020): Google's New AI Helps You Write Poetry Like Poe. Nerdist [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://nerdist.com/article/google-ai-writes-poetry-like-legendary-poets/.

[16] Hayworth, K. (2010): Killed by bad philosophy: Why brain preservation followed by mind up-loading is a cure for death, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: http://www.brainpreservation.org.

[17] Heidegger, M. (1977): The Question Concerning Technology, in Heidegger, M., Basic Writings, Harper & Row.

[18] Houkes, W. (2009): Introduction. In Gabbay D. et al. (eds.) Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, North Holland.

[19] Kaiser. B. (2019): Targeted, Harper Collins Publishers.

[20] King, G. – Pan, J. – Roberts, M. E. (2017): How the Chinese Government Fabricates Social Media Posts for Strategic Distraction, Not Engaged Argument. American Political Science Review 111(3), 484–501. | DOI 10.1017/S0003055417000144

[21] Kobiela, F. – Gomułka (eds.) (2021): Filozoficzny Lem, Wydawnictwo Alethea.

[22] Koene, R. A. (2006): Scope and resolution in neural prosthetics and special concerns for the emulation of a whole brain, The Journal of Geoethical Nanotechnology 1, 21–29, [online], [access-ed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.terasemjournals.org/GNJournal/GN0104/koene_01a.html.

[23] Kornblith, H. (2012): On Reflection, Oxford University Press.

[24] Krzanowski, R. (2020): Why can information not be defined as being purely epistemic? Philosophical Problems in Science (Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce), 68, 37–62.

[25] Krzanowski, R. (2021): Ontological Information: Investigation into the properties of ontological information, PhD thesis, Pontifical University of John Paul II in Kraków, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: http://bc.upjp2.edu.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?id=5024.

[26] Kurzweil, R. (2005): The Singularity is Near, Viking Books.

[27] Larkin, B. (2018): 30 Craziest Predictions About the Future Experts Say Are Going to Happen, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://bestlifeonline.com/crazy-future-predictions/.

[28] Lau J. H. – Cohn, T. – Baldwin, T. – Hammond, A. (2020): This AI Poet Mastered Rhythm, Rhyme, and Natural Language to Write Like Shakespeare, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://spectrum-ieee-org.ezproxy.muni.cz/this-ai-poet-mastered-rhythm-rhyme-and-natural-language-to-write-like-shakespeare#toggle-gdpr.

[29] Lazzarato, M. (2021): Capital Hates Everyone, The MIT Press.

[30] Lem, S. (2014) [1974]: The Cyberiad, Penguin Books.

[31] Lovelock, J. (2020): Novacene: The Coming Age of Hyperintelligence, Penguin Books.

[32] Maher, B. (2012): Controversial H5N1 influenza work likely to resume, Nature [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://doi-org.ezproxy.muni.cz/10.1038/nature.2012.12089 .

[33] Millett, P. et al. (eds.) (2016): Gain-of-function research: Summary of the second symposium, March 10-11, 2016, The National Academies Press.

[34] Milmo, D. (2021): Facebook pauses work on Instagram Kids after teen mental health concern. The Guardian, 2021-9-27, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/27/facebook-pauses-instagram-kids-teen-mental-health-concerns.

[35] Mineo, L. (2017): When it comes to internet privacy, be very afraid, analyst suggests: Surveil-lance is the business model of the internet,' Berkman and Belfer fellow says, The Harward Gazette, 2017-8-24, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2017/08/when-it-comes-to-internet-privacy-be-very-afraid-analyst-suggests/.

[36] Olson, D. (2015): A Case for Epistemic Agency, Logos and Episteme VI (4), 449–474. | DOI 10.5840/logos-episteme20156435

[37] Pestov, I. (2017): The absolute worst technology predictions of the past 150 years, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/worst-tech-predictions-of-the-past-100-years-c18654211375/ .

[38] Pogue, D. (2012): Use It Better: The Worst Tech Predictions of All Time, Scientific American, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/pogue-all-time-worst-tech-predictions/.

[39] Puzzo, A. (2015): Against Epistemic Agency, MA Thesis, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://qspace.library.queensu.ca/bitstream/handle/1974/13727/Puzzo_Andrew_201509_MA.pdf;sequence=1.

[40] Robert. P. (2021): La société des asociaux, Le Monde diplomatique, 68(810), 28, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.monde-diplomatique.fr/2021/09/RIMBERT/63484.

[41] Rogners, A. (2017): The Way the World Ends: Not with a Bang But a Paperclip, The Wired, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.wired.com/story/the-way-the-world-ends-not-with-a-bang-but-a-paperclip/.

[42] Sandberg, A. – Bostrom, N. (2008): Whole Brain Emulation: A Roadmap, Technical Report #2008‐3, Future of Humanity Institute, Oxford University, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.fhi.ox.ac.uk/brain-emulation-roadmap-report.pdf.

[43] Schab, K. (2016): The Fourth Industrial Revolution, Portfolio Penguin.

[44] Schlosser, M. (2019): Agency, in Zalta, E.N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2019 Edition), [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/agency/.

[45] Selgelid, M. (2016): Gain-of-Function Research: Ethical Analysis, Science and Engineering Ethics 22 (4), 923–964, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://dx-doi-org.ezproxy.muni.cz/10.1007%2Fs11948-016-9810-1. | DOI 10.1007/s11948-016-9810-1

[46] Shanahan, M. (2015): The Technological Singularity, The MIT Press.

[47] Swirski, P. (ed.) (1997): A Stanisław Lem Reader: Rethinking Theory, Northwestern University Press.

[48] Talaga, N. (2021): Don't Worry About The AI Singularity: The Tipping Point Is Already Here, Forbes, 2021-6-21, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nishatalagala/2021/06/21/dont-worry-about-the-ai-singularity-the-tipping-point-is-already-here/?sh=27a78a2c1cd4.

[49] Tand, D. (2020): The Machines Are Coming, and They Write Really Bad Poetry, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://lithub.com/the-machines-are-coming-and-they-write-really-bad-poetry/.

[50] The Rockefeller Foundation (2010): Scenarios for the Future of Technology and International Development. The Rockefeller Foundation and Global Business Network.

[51] Thomasson, A. (2009): Artefacts in Metaphysics, in Gabbay D. et al. (eds.) Philosophy of Technology and Engineering Sciences, North Holland.

[52] Wylie, C. (2019): Mindf*ck, Profile Books.

[53] Zuboff, S. (2019): The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power, Profile Books.

[54] Zuckerberg, M. (2017): Building global community, [online], [accessed 2021-09-02], available at: https://www.teachthought.com/education/mark-zuckerbergs-manifesto/.