Název: Židé v Albánii - vznik a vývoj židovského osídlení do konce 17. století
Variantní název:
- Jews in Albania - the rise and development of Jewish settlement up to the end of the 17th century
Zdrojový dokument: Porta Balkanica. 2015, roč. 7, č. 2, s. [51]-58
Rozsah
[51]-58
-
ISSN1804-2449
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/135435
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Přístupová práva
přístupné po uplynutí embarga
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
This article analyzes the beginnings and the development of Jewish settlement within present-day Albania. We mainly focus on the situation in Durrës, Vlora, and Berat, the cities with a large Jewish population. In the case of Vlora this was even a Jewish majority, and they were instrumental to the city's economic prosperity. They dealt in the salt trade with Dubrovnik. This paper also covers the question of Jews' ethnic and religious divisions. Initially, Albanian cities housed Romaniots, Jews with a Greek language and cultural tradition. The Romaniots were pushed out by Sephards, Jews from the Iberian Peninsula, beginning in the 15th century and more strongly in the 16th. By the end of the 17th century, all Jews were forced to leave Vlora due to the Venetian-Ottoman war. This incident marks the end of the era that we cover. The development of Jewish presence in Albania is a neglected historical topic in and beyond Czech historiography. Most works focus on better-known events — primarily the rescue of Albanian Jews during World War II.
Studie se zabývá vznikem a vývojem židovského osídlení na území současné Albánie. Zaměřuje se zejména na situaci v Drači, Vloře a Beratu, v městech s velkým počtem židovských obyvatel. V případě Vlory můžeme v 16. století hovořit dokonce o židovské většině, která se zasloužila o ekonomický rozkvět města. Židé se tady věnovali exportu soli do Dubrovníku. Studie se dotýká i otázky etnokonfesionálního rozdělení Židů. Původně byli v albánských městech přítomni Romanioté, Židé s řeckou jazykovou a kulturní tradicí. Ty začali koncem 15. a znatelněji v 16. století vytlačovat Sefardé, tedy Židé vyhnaní z Iberského poloostrova. Koncem 17. století jsou Židé v důsledku benátsko-osmanského konfliktu donuceni opustit Vloru. Touto zásadní událostí je naše studie ohraničena. Vývoj Židů v Albánii patří k opomenutým historickým problémům nejen v českém prostředí. Většina prací se zaměřuje na známější události, zejména záchranu albánských Židů během 2. světové války.
Reference
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[2] Barnavi, E. et al. (1995) Atlas univerzálních dějin židovského národa. Praha: Victoria publishing Praha.
[3] Bowman, S. (1985) Jews of Byzantium (1204–1453). Bloc Publishing Company.
[4] Elsie, R. (2010) Historical Dictionary of Albania. Lanham – Toronto – Plymouth: The Scarecrow Press, Inc.
[5] Fine, J. V. A. (1994) The late medieval Balkans. University of Michigan Press.
[6] Frejdenberg, M. (2000) Židovi na Balkanu na isteku srednjeg vijeka. Zagreb: Dora Krupićeva.
[7] Giakoumis, K. (2008) Aspects of symbiosis between orthodox Christians and Jews in West Balkans during the Ottoman rule. In Sh. Sinani ed. Prania historike dhe shpëtimi i hebrenjve gjatë Luftës (Studime e dokumente). Tiranë: albPAPER s. 69–80.
[8] Hrabak, B. (1971) Jevreji u Albaniji od kraja XIII do kraja XVII veka i njihove veze sa Dubrovnikom. In Zbornik Jevrejskog istorijskog muzeja. Beograd s. 55–97.
[9] Hradečný, P., Hladký, L. (2008) Dějiny Albánie. Praha: NLN.
[10] Krekić, B. (1998) Albanians in the adriatic cities: observations on some Ragusan, Venetian and Dalmatian sources for the history of albanians in the late middle ages. In Ch. Gasparis ed. The Mediaeval Albanians. Athens: Institute for Byzantine Research s. 209–233.
[11] Kotani, A. (2007) Shqiptarët dhe hebrenjtë në shekuj. Tiranë: Shoqata e Miqësisë.
[12] Malaj, E. (2012) Hebrenjtë në trojet shqiptare. Me një përqendrim në historinë dhe kulturën hebraike. Tiranë: Qendra e Studimeve Albanologjike.
[13] Mruškovič, V. (2008) EUROPA LINGUARUM NATIONUMQVE. Martin: Matica slovenská.
[14] Nallbani, A. (2008) A jewish neighborhood in Berat city. In Sh. Sinani ed. Prania historike dhe shpëtimi i hebrenjve gjatë Luftës (Studime e dokumente).Tiranë: albPAPER s. 93–95.
[15] Noy, D. (1993) Jewish inscriptions of western Europe, volume 1 Italy (excluding the City of Rome), Spain and Gaul. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[16] Panayotov, A. (2014) Jews and Jewish communities in the Balkans and the Aegean until the twelfth century. In J. K. Aitken – J. C. Paget eds. The Jewish-Greek Tradition in Antiquity and the Byzantine Empire. New York: Cambridge University press s. 54–77.
[17] Sinani, Sh. (2014) Shqiptarët dhe Hebrenjtë: mbrojtja dhe shpëtimi. Tiranë: Naimi.
[18] Sisman, C. (2015) The Burden of Silence: Sabbatai Sevi and the Evolution of the Ottoman-Turkish Dönmes. New York: Oxford University press.
[19] Tirosh-Rothschild H. (1991) Between Worlds: The Life and Thought of Rabbi David ben Judah Messer Leon. Albany: State University of New York press
[20] Toch, M. (2013) The Economic History of European Jews: Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. Leiden – Boston: Brill.
[21] Arbell, M. (2003). The Jewish Community of Vlor – Valona – Avilona and its role in the Adriatic In Los Muestros n. 50 s. 14–17 [cit. 2015-10-19]. Dostupný z http://sefarad.org/lm/050/page14.html