Název: Interpreting contested heritage : musealization of the idea of reconciliation on TikTok
Variantní název:
- Interpretace sporného dědictví : muzealizace konceptu smíření na TikToku
Zdrojový dokument: Museologica Brunensia. 2025, roč. 14, č. 1, s. 2-14
Rozsah
2-14
-
ISSN1805-4722 (print)2464-5362 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/MuB2025-1-1
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/digilib.82390
Type: Článek
Jazyk
anglicky
Licence: CC BY-SA 4.0 International
Přístupová práva
otevřený přístup
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
In the domain of heritage governance, interpreting the remnants of the past that we would prefer to forget presents the greatest challenge for heritage managers. Although this issue has gained attention since the end of World War II, civil and inter-ethnic conflicts at the close of the 20th century have further amplified its relevance. These struggles were characterized by the deliberate destruction of others' heritage. If continuity with the past shapes our identity, bestows uniqueness, and differentiates us from others, can these remnants, interpreted from multiple perspectives, foster reconciliation? Who should determine what we will forget and remember, what we will preserve, and how we will interpret it? These are just some of the questions to which, even today, we have no precise answers, despite numerous UNESCO conventions and published works by leading experts. Starting from the premise that it is essential to change perspectives and approach the issue from the grassroots level, through engagement with local communities and universities, this paper aims to explore whether and to what extent it is possible to influence young people's attitudes toward the unwanted legacy of the past; how to musealize the concept of reconciliation, and whether TikTok, as a mode of communication, serves as an appropriate tool for its heritagization. The research was conducted during the summer semester of 2024 as part of the project Back to the Future or How to Make Peace with the Past in order to Create a Better Tomorrow Together, supported through the call Towards a Culture of Shared Future in Southeast Europe from the Regional Network of Centers for Advanced Studies of Southeast Europe.
V oblasti správy kulturního dědictví představuje největší výzvu pro odpovědné subjekty interpretace pozůstatků minulosti, na kterou bychom nejraději zapomněli. Ačkoli tato problematika vzbuzovala pozornost už od konce druhé světové války, občanské a mezietnické konflikty na konci 20. století její význam ještě umocnily. Tyto boje byly charakterizovány záměrným ničením kulturního dědictví druhých. Jestliže kontinuita s minulostí utváří naši identitu, propůjčuje nám jedinečnost a odlišuje nás od ostatních, mohly by tyto pozůstatky, interpretované z více úhlů pohledu, být cestou ke smíření? Kdo by měl určovat, co zapomeneme a co si budeme pamatovat, co zachováme a jak to budeme interpretovat? To jsou jen některé z otázek, na které ani dnes, navzdory četným úmluvám UNESCO a publikovaným pracím předních odborníků, nemáme přesné odpovědi. Vycházíme-li z předpokladu, že je nezbytné změnit úhel pohledu a přistoupit k celému problému z nejnižší úrovně, prostřednictvím kontaktu s místními komunitami a univerzitami, je cílem tohoto příspěvku prozkoumat, zda a do jaké míry je možné ovlivnit postoje mladých lidí k nežádoucímu dědictví minulosti, jak muzealizovat koncept smíření a zda TikTok jako metoda komunikace je vhodným nástrojem pro jeho integraci do sféry kulturního dědictví. Výzkum probíhal v průběhu letního semestru 2024 v rámci projektu Návrat do budoucnosti aneb Jak se smířit s minulostí, abychom společně vytvořili lepší zítřek, podpořeného prostřednictvím výzvy Regionální sítě jihoevropských center postgraduálních studií Za kulturu sdílené budoucnosti v jihovýchodní Evropě.
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[2] ASHWORTH, Gregory John and Brian GRAHAM, Brian. Heritage, Identity and Europe. Tijdschrift voor Economischeen Sociale Geografie. 1997, vol. 88, no. 4, pp. 381–388. ISSN 0040-747X. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01632.x | DOI 10.1111/j.1467-9663.1997.tb01632.x
[3] ASMAN, Alaida. Duga senka prošlosti. Beograd: Biblioteka XX vek, 2011. ISBN 978-86-7562-099-0.
[4] BOYD, Danah M. and ELLISON, Nicole B. Social network sites: Definition, history, and scholarship. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication. 2007, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 210–230. ISSN 1083-6101. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x | DOI 10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00393.x
[5] BOŽIĆ MAROJEVIĆ, Milica. Dissonance – a Pretty Harsh Term to Define Towards Understanding the Importance of Safeguarding the Pluralism of Heritage Meanings in Public Spaces. In: TANUROVSKA KJULAVSKOVSKI, Biljana; BODROŽIĆ, Nataša and KACHAKOVA, Violeta (ed.). Modelling public space(s) in culture: rethinking institutional practices in culture and historical (dis)continuities. Skopje: Lokomotiva – Centre for new Initiatives in arts and culture, 2018, рр. 218–224. ISBN 978-608-65194-6-9. https://doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-38747
[6] BOŽIĆ MAROJEVIĆ, Milica. (Ne)željeno nasleđe u prostorima pamćenja. Slobodne zone bolnih uspomena. Beograd: Filozofski fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu, Centar za muzeologiju i heritologiju, 2015. ISBN 978-86-6427-018-2.
[7] BOŽIĆ MAROJEVIĆ, Milica. Opšti pogled na stanje i sudbinu disonantnog kulturnog nasleđa drugih u Evropi i svetu. In: VOJVODIĆ, Dragan (ed.). Zaštita, očuvanje i afirmacija srpskog kulturnog nasleđa na Kosovu i Metohiji. Beograd: Srpska akademiјa nauka i umetnosti, 2023, pp. 65–84. ISBN 978-86-6184-019-7. ISBN 978-86-7025-999-7.
[8] BOŽIĆ MAROJEVIĆ, Milica. Pamćenje spornih legata prošlosti ili kad kultura sećanja ustukne pred kulturom poništavanja. Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Prištini. 2022, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 259–275. ISSN 0354-3293. | DOI 10.5937/zrffp52-38747
[9] BRAUN, Virginia and CLARKE, Victoria. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology. 2006, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 77–101. ISSN 1478-0887. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa | DOI 10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
[10] CHESTERTON, Eleanor. The Power of TikTok to Engage Young People in Museums. Yorkshire: Ignite, 2021.
[11] CONDE-CABALLERO, David; CASTILLOSARMIENTO, Carlos A.; BALLESTEROSYÁNEZ, Inmaculada; RIVERO-JIMÉNEZ, Borja and MARIANO-JUÁREZ, Lorenzo. Microlearning through TikTok in Higher Education. An evaluation of uses and potentials. Education and Information Technologies. 2024, vol. 29, pp. 2365–2385. ISSN 1360-2357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11904-4 | DOI 10.1007/s10639-023-11904-4
[12] DACKA, Monika. Social media challenges among adolescents – unconscious danger or peer pressure? Dangerous consequences of modern adolescents' games. Psychiatria i Psychologia Kliniczna. 2024, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 79–88. ISSN 1644-6313. https://doi.org/10.15557/PiPK.2024.0011 | DOI 10.15557/pipk.2024.0011
[13] FREIRE, Paolo. Pedagogija obespravljenih. Zagreb: Odraz, 2002. ISBN 953-98563-3-7.
[14] GAVRILOVIĆ, Ljiljana. Cyber Museum: Tools For Heritage Protection. In: POPOVIĆŽIVANČEVIĆ, Mila (ed.). Condition Of The Cultural And Natural Heritage In The Balkan Region: Proceedings of the regional conference held in Kladovo, Serbia from 23th to 27th October 2006. Belgrade: National Museum, 2007, pp. 147–151. ISBN 978-86-7269-090-3.
[15] HAJIR, Basma. Between Idealism and Realism: Critical Peace Education in Divided Post-Conflict Contexts. Online. Cambridge Open-Review Educational Research e-Journal. 2019, vol. 6, pp. 80–96. Available from: https://cerj.educ.cam.ac.uk/archive/v62019/CORERJ-Journal-Volume6-05-BetweenIdealismAndRealism.pdf. [accessed 2025-05-28]. ISSN 2056-7804.
[16] HAM, Sam H. Can Interpretation Really Make a Difference? Answers to Four Questions from Cognitive and Behavioral Psychology. In: Proceedings of the Interpreting World Heritage Conference. Vancouver, Canada, March 25–29, 2007, pp. 42–52. ISSN 1092-5872.
[17] HARRISON, David. Introduction: Contested Narratives in the Domain of World Heritage. Current Issues in Tourism. 2004, vol. 7, no. 4–5, pp. 281–90. ISSN 1368-3500. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500408667985 | DOI 10.1080/13683500408667985
[18] HARRISON, Rodney. The Politics of Heritage. In: FAIRCLOUGH, Graham; HARRISON, Rodney; SCHOFIELD, John and JAMESON, John H. Jnr. (ed.). The Heritage Reader. New York: Routledge, 2006, pp. 154–196. ISBN 978-0-415-37286-2.
[19] HOBSBOM, Erik and REJNDŽER, Terens (ed.). Izmišljanje tradicije. Beograd: Biblioteka ХХ vek, 2011. ISBN 978-86-7562-012-8.
[20] HOWARD, Peter. Heritage: management, interpretation, identity. London: Continuum, 2003. ISBN 0-8264-5898-X. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350933941
[21] HUANG, Shu-Mei. World Heritage Interpretation and Reconciliation. In: SILBERMAN, Neil A. (ed.). World Heritage: 50 years of moving forward. An Anthology of World Heritage Interpretation and Presentation. Seoul: International Centre for the Interpretation and Presentation of World Heritage Sites under the auspices of UNESCO (Korea), 2022, pp. 126–145. ISBN 979-11-980698-7-0. | DOI 10.1007/978-3-031-05660-4_7
[22] KEPEŠ, Nusreta. Servisno učenje u predškolskim ustanovama i njegov utjecaj na građanski odgoj djece. Online. Društvene i humanističke studije. 2022, vol. 7, no. 1(18), pp. 487–508. Available from: https://www.dhs.ff.untz.ba/index.php/home/article/view/672/547. [accessed 2025-05-28]. ISSN 2490-3647.
[23] MAROEVIĆ, Ivo. Uloga muzeologije i njezin doprinos temeljnim znanstvenim disciplinam. Informatica Museologica. 1992, no. 1–4, pp. 92–95. ISSN 0350-2325.
[24] MOEN, Torill. Reflections on the Narrative Research Approach. Online. International Journal of Qualitative Methods. 2006, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 56–69. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/160940690600500405. [accessed 2025-05-28]. ISSN 2056-3639. https://doi.org/10.1177/160940690600500405 | DOI 10.1177/160940690600500405
[25] NOWACKI, Marek. Heritage Interpretation. Poznań: Wydawnictwo AWF w Poznaniu, 2012. ISBN 978-83-61414.
[26] POULOT, Dominique (ed.). Patrimoine et modernité. Paris: L'Harmattan, 1988. ISBN 2-7384-6287-1.
[27] QIU, Yuheng. New Media and Intangible Cultural Heritage. Communications in Humanities Research. 2023, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 358–364. ISSN 2616-5783. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/6/20230304 | DOI 10.54254/2753-7064/6/20230304
[28] RODWELL, Dennis. The Historic Urban Landscape and the Geography of Urban Heritage. The Historic Environment: Policy & Practice. 2018, vol. 9, no. 3–4, pp. 192–193. ISSN 1756-7505. https://doi.org/10.1080/17567505.2018.1517140 | DOI 10.1080/17567505.2018.1517140
[29] SALACUSE, Jeswald W. Intercultural Negotiation in Intercultural Business. Group Decision and Negotiation. 1999, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 217–236. ISSN 0926-2644. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008660330550
[30] SILBERMAN, Neil A. Heritage interpretation and human rights: documenting diversity, expressing identity, or establishing universal principles? International Journal of Heritage Studies. 2012, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 245–256. ISSN 1352-7258. https://doi.org/10.1080/13527258.2012.643910 | DOI 10.1080/13527258.2012.643910
[31] SILVÉN, Eva and BJÖRKLUND, Anders. Detecting Difficulty. In: SILVÉN, Eva and BJÖRKLUND, Anders (ed.). Svåra saker: Ting och berättelser som upprör och berör. Stockholm: Nordiska museets förlag, 2006, pp. 248–264. ISBN 91-7108-507-6.
[32] SMITH, Laurajane. Uses of Heritage. London, New York: Routledge, 2006. ISBN 978-0-4153-1831-0.
[33] ŠOLA, Tomislav. Marketing u muzejima: o vrlini i kako je obznaniti. Beograd: Clio, 2002. ISBN 86-7102-030-4.
[34] STAIFF, Russell. Re-imagining Heritage Interpretation: Enchanting the Past-Future. London, New York: Routledge, 2016. ISBN 978-1-3170-6867-9. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315604558
[35] TILDEN, Freeman. Interpreting our heritage. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1977. ISBN 978-0-8078-5867-7.
[36] TUNBRIDGE, John E. and ASHWORTH, Gregory John. Dissonant heritage: the management of the past as a resource in conflict. Chichester, New York: J. Wiley, 1996. ISBN 0-4719-4887-X.
[37] TURGEON, Luk. The Politics and the Practices of Intangible Cultural Heritage – Les politiques et les pratiques du patrimoine culturel immatériel. Ethnologies. 2014, vol. 36, no. 1–2, pp. 5–25. ISSN 1481-5974. https://doi.org/10.7202/1037597ar | DOI 10.7202/1037597ar
[38] VICAN, Dijana. Koncepcija odgoja i obrazovanja Paula Freirea. Napredak. 1991, vol. 132, no. 3, pp. 268–295. ISSN 2787-8481.
[39] WINEBURG, Sam and MCGREW, Sarah. Lateral Reading: Reading Less and Learning More When Evaluating Digital Information. Teachers College Record. 2019, vol. 121, pp. 1–55. ISSN 1467-9620. https://doi.org/10.1177/016146811912101102 | DOI 10.1177/016146811912101102