Title: Racist and neo-Nazi panic in the Euro 2012 coverage by the British press: a discursive failure in interculturalism
Source document: Brno studies in English. 2017, vol. 43, iss. 1, pp. [89]-105
Extent
[89]-105
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2017-1-5
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/137087
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
The article demonstrates how the discursive strategies of sport reporting by the media may collide with the vision of sport as a means of promoting intercultural understanding, a generally anticipated cultural effect of mega sport events. This is done by a critical discourse reading of 35 news articles that appeared across the British national press in May and June 2012, directly before the opening of the 14th UEFA European Football Championship (Euro 2012) jointly hosted by Poland and Ukraine. Influenced by a BBC television documentary and linked by the central topic of the two countries as strongholds of racism, xenophobia and vicious hooliganism, these articles constitute an instance of a moral panic. A discussion of the panic as a mode of discourse leads to the conclusion that the priorities and practices of British newspaper journalism acted against the culturally integrating potential of Euro 2012.
References
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[37] Mazur, Zbigniew and Irmina Wawrzyczek (2016) 'Interculturality and sport: mediatization of culture contact in reporting Euro 2012 by the British and Irish national press.' Artes Humanae 1(1), 147–162.
[38] Merkel, Udo (2014) 'German football culture in the new millennium: ethnic diversity, flair and youth on and off the pitch.' Soccer and Society 15(2), 241–255. | DOI 10.1080/14660970.2013.849189
[39] Mishra, Suman (2012) '"The Shame Games": a textual analysis of Western press coverage of the Commonwealth Games in India.' Third World Quarterly 33(5), 871–886. | DOI 10.1080/01436597.2012.674747
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[44] Riffe, Daniel, Stephen Lacy and Frederick Fico (2014) Analysing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research, 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
[45] Rosner, Jennifer, Li Yanmei, Melody Manchi Chao and Hong Ying-yi Hong (2010) 'One world, just a dream? Effects of the Beijing Olympic icon on perceived differences between Eastern and Western culture.' Asian Journal of Social Psychology 13(2), 139–151.
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[47] Shoemaker, Pamela J. and Akiba A. Cohen (2006) News Around the World: Content, Practitioners, and the Public. New York and London: Routledge.
[48] Schulz, W.F. (1982) 'News structure and people's awareness of political events.' International Communication Gazette 30(3), 139–153. | DOI 10.1177/001654928203000301
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[50] Van Dijk, Teun A. (1988) 'The Tamil panic in the press.' In: Teun A. van Dijk, News Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 215–254.
[51] Van Dijk, Teun A (2001) 'Critical Discourse Analysis.' In: Tannen, Deborah, Deborah Schiffrin and Heidi Hamilton (eds.) Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell, 352–371.
[52] Van Leeuwen, Theo (2008) Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[53] von der Lippe, Gerd, Malcolm MacLean (2008) 'Brawling in Berne: Mediated transnational moral panics in the 1954 Football World Cup.' International Review for the Sociology of Sport 43(1), 71–90.
[54] Watson, Matthew R. (2013) 'The Dark Heart of Eastern Europe: Applying the British model to football-related violence and racism.' Emory International Law Review 27, 1055–1104.
[55] Wawrzyczek, Irmina, Zbigniew Mazur, Hanna Szewczyk and Alan Bairner (2010) Oswajanie Innego. Obraz Polski i Polaków w prasie brytyjskiej w latach 2002–2007 (Taming the Other: Poland and the Poles in the British press 2002–2007). Lublin: Gaudium.
[56] Wenner, Lawrence (ed.) (1998) Media Sport. London and New York: Routledge.
[57] Wensing, Emma H., Toni Bruce (2003) 'Bending the rules: Media representations of gender during an international sporting event.' International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38(4), 387–396.
[58] White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue 'Living Together As Equals in Dignity' (2008). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
[59] Wizor, Michał (2012) 'Sport, medialność, pieniądze, prestiż – dlaczego EURO 2012 może stanowić potencjalnie atrakcyjny cel dla terrorystów?' (Sport, mediality, money, prestige – Euro 2012 as a potentially attractive target for terrorists). Społeczeństwo i Polityka 2 (31), 163–176.
[60] Wodak, Ruth and Michael Meyer (eds.) (2006) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.
[2] Bednarek, Monika and Helen Caple (2012b) '"Value added": Language, image and news values.' Discourse, Context and Media 1, 103–113.
[3] Bednarek, Monika and Helen Caple (2014) 'Why do news values matter? Towards a new methodological framework for analysing news discourse in Critical Discourse Analysis and beyond.' Discourse and Society 25(2), 135–158. | DOI 10.1177/0957926513516041
[4] Bell, Allan (1991) The Language of News Media. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
[5] Billings, Andrew C. and Marie Hardin (eds.) (2014) Routledge Handbook of Sport and New Media. Milton Park: Routledge.
[6] Bishop, H. and A. Jaworski (2003) 'We beat 'em': nationalism and the hegemony of homogeneity in the British press reportage of Germany versus England during Euro 2000.' Discourse and Society 13, 243–271.
[7] Bogart, Leo (1995) Commercial Culture: The Media System and the Public Interest. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[8] Brookes, Rod (1999) 'Newspapers and national identity: the BSE/CJD crisis and the British press.' Media, Culture and Society 21(2), 247–263. | DOI 10.1177/016344399021002007
[9] Bruce, Toni (2004) 'Marking the boundaries of the "normal" in televised sports: the play-by-play of race.' Media, Culture and Society 26(6), 861–879. | DOI 10.1177/0163443704047030
[10] Bruce, Toni (2015) 'Assessing the sociology of sport: On media and representations of sportswomen.' International Review for the Sociology of Sport 50, 380–384. | DOI 10.1177/1012690214539483
[11] Ciołkiewicz, Paweł (2012) 'Euro 2012 jako przykład wydarzenia medialnego. Przyczynek do analizy' (Euro 2012 as an example of media event). Kultura i Wychowanie 4(2), 145–159.
[12] Cohen, Stanley (1972/2002) 'Moral Panics as Cultural Politics: Introduction to the Third Edition.' In: Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. London and New York: Routledge, vi–xliv.
[13] Curran, James and Jean Seaton (2010) Power Without Responsibility: Press, Broadcasting and the Internet in Britain. 7th ed. London and New York: Routledge.
[14] Dembek, Agata and Renata Włoch (2014) 'The Impact of a Sports Mega-Event on the International Image of a Country: The Case of Poland Hosting UEFA Euro 2012.' Perspectives 22(1), 33–47.
[15] Dimeo, Paul and Joyce Kay (2004) 'Major sport events, image projection and the problems of 'semi-periphery': a case study of the 1996 South Asia Cricket World Cup.' Third World Quarterly 25(7) 1263–1276.
[16] Fairclough, Norman (2010) Critical Discourse Analysis: The Critical Study of Language, 2nd ed. London and New York: Routledge.
[17] Fowler, Roger (1991) Language in the News: Discourse and Ideology in the Press. London and New York: Routledge, 146–207.
[18] Galtung, Johan and Mari Holmboe Ruge (1965) 'The structure of foreign news: The presentation of the Congo, Cuba and Cyprus crises in four Norwegian newspapers.' Journal of Peace Research 2(1), 64–91. | DOI 10.1177/002234336500200104
[19] Garriado, Angeles Arjona, Juan Carlos Checa Olmos, Noemi Garcia-Arjona and Rodrigo Pardo (2012) 'Immigration, school, physical activity and sport. Analysis of sport acculturation in Spain.' Kinesiology 44(1), 83–93.
[20] Gasparini, William and Aurélie Cometti (eds.) (2010) Sport facing the test of cultural diversity. Integration and intercultural dialogue in Europe: analysis and practical examples. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.
[21] Goode, Erich and Nachman Ben-Yehuda (2009) Moral Panics: The Social Construction of Deviance, 2nd ed. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
[22] Hammett, Daniel (2011) 'British media representations of South Africa and the 2010 FIFA World Cup.' South African Geographical Journal 93 (1), 63–74.
[23] Harcup, Tony and Deirdre O'Neill (2001) 'What is news? Galtung and Ruge revisited.' Journalism Studies 2(2), 261–280. | DOI 10.1080/14616700118449
[24] Hardin, Marie, Julie Dodd, Jean Chance, Kristie Walsdorf (2004) 'Sporting Images in Black and White: Race in Newspaper Coverage of the 2000 Olympic Games.' Howard Journal of Communications 15(4), 211–227.
[25] Holt, Ron (2000) 'The Discourse Ethics of Sports Journalism.' Culture, Sport, Society 3 (3), 88–103. | DOI 10.1080/14610980008721880
[26] Howarth, Anita (2013) 'A "Superstorm": When Moral Panic and New Risk Discourses Converge in the Media.' Health, Risk and Society 15(8), 681–698. | DOI 10.1080/13698575.2013.851180
[27] Inthorn, S. (2010) 'Europe divided, or Europe united? German and British press coverage of the 2008 European Championship.' Soccer and Society 11 (6), 790–802. | DOI 10.1080/14660970.2010.510741
[28] Iordanova, Dina (1995/2009) 'Media Coverage of Bulgaria in the West and Its Domestic Use'. In: Fred L. Casmir (ed.) Communication in Eastern Europe: The Role of History, Culture, and Media in Contemporary Conflicts. New York and London: Routledge, 223–246
[29] Kennedy, Peter and Christos Kassimeris (eds.) (2014) Exploring the cultural, ideological and economic legacies of Euro 2012 (Sport in the Global Society – Contemporary Perspectives). Milton Park and New York: Routledge.
[30] Korte, Barbara, Eva Ulrike Pirker and Sissy Helff (eds.) (2010) Facing the East in the West: Images of Eastern Europe in British Literature, Film and Culture. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi.
[31] McGregor, Judy (2002) 'Restating News Values: Contemporary Criteria for Selecting the News.' Proceedings of the ANZCA 2002 Conference: Communication: Reconstructed for the 21st Century. Retrieved 9 September 2016 from: http://www.anzca.net/documents/2002-conf-papers/382-restating-news-values-contemporary-criteria-for-selecting-the-news-1/file.html
[32] Neuendorf, Kimberly A. (2002) The Content Analysis Guidebook. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
[33] Light, Duncan and Craig Young (2009) 'European Union enlargement, post-accession migration and imaginative geographies of the "New Europe": media discourses in Romania and the United Kingdom.' Journal of Cultural Geography 26(3), 281–303. | DOI 10.1080/08873630903322205
[34] Maguire, Joseph, Richard Elliott, Zbigniew Mazur, Irmina Wawrzyczek (2009) 'New Europe, Old Games: Making Sense of Anglo-Polish Media Coverage of England versus Poland Football Matches.' Sport in Society 12(2), 141–155.
[35] Marsh, Ian and Gaynor Melville (2011) 'Moral Panics and the British Media – A Look at Some Contemporary "Folk Devils".' Internet Journal of Criminology ©. www.internetjournalofcriminology.com/
[36] Mawby, Rob C. and William Gisby (2009) 'Crime, Media and Moral Panic in an Expanding European Union.' Howard Journal of Criminal Justice 48 (1), 37–51. | DOI 10.1111/j.1468-2311.2008.00547.x
[37] Mazur, Zbigniew and Irmina Wawrzyczek (2016) 'Interculturality and sport: mediatization of culture contact in reporting Euro 2012 by the British and Irish national press.' Artes Humanae 1(1), 147–162.
[38] Merkel, Udo (2014) 'German football culture in the new millennium: ethnic diversity, flair and youth on and off the pitch.' Soccer and Society 15(2), 241–255. | DOI 10.1080/14660970.2013.849189
[39] Mishra, Suman (2012) '"The Shame Games": a textual analysis of Western press coverage of the Commonwealth Games in India.' Third World Quarterly 33(5), 871–886. | DOI 10.1080/01436597.2012.674747
[40] Molek-Kozakowska, Katarzyna and Jan Chovanec (2017-forthc.) 'Media representations of the "other" Europeans: Common themes and points of divergence'. In: Chovanec, Jan and Katarzyna Molek-Kozakowska (eds.). Representing the Other in European Media Discourses. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1–22.
[41] Müller, Floris, Lisbet van Zoonen and Laurens de Roode (2008) 'The integrative power of sport: Imagined and real effects of sport events on multicultural integration.' Sociology of Sport Journal 25(3), 387–401. | DOI 10.1123/ssj.25.3.387
[42] Nicholson, Matthew, Anthony Kerr and Merryn Sherwood (2007/2015) Sport and the Media: Managing the Nexus, Second Edition. London and New York: Routledge, Part 1.
[43] Raney, Arthur A. (ed.) (2006) Handbook of Sports and Media. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
[44] Riffe, Daniel, Stephen Lacy and Frederick Fico (2014) Analysing Media Messages: Using Quantitative Content Analysis in Research, 3rd ed. New York: Routledge.
[45] Rosner, Jennifer, Li Yanmei, Melody Manchi Chao and Hong Ying-yi Hong (2010) 'One world, just a dream? Effects of the Beijing Olympic icon on perceived differences between Eastern and Western culture.' Asian Journal of Social Psychology 13(2), 139–151.
[46] 'Sharing Diversity: National Approaches to Intercultural Dialogue in Europe. Study for the European Commission' (2008). Report of the European Institute for Comparative Cultural Research, X–XI. Retrieved 09 April 2016 from http://www.interculturaldialogue.eu/web/files/14/en/Sharing_Diversity_Final_Report.pdf.
[47] Shoemaker, Pamela J. and Akiba A. Cohen (2006) News Around the World: Content, Practitioners, and the Public. New York and London: Routledge.
[48] Schulz, W.F. (1982) 'News structure and people's awareness of political events.' International Communication Gazette 30(3), 139–153. | DOI 10.1177/001654928203000301
[49] 'Ukraine's Hidden Hooligans' (2012) Special Report, Part 1 and 2. Sky Sports, 13.05. http://www.skysports.com/football/news/20438/7758043/ukraines-hooligans. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
[50] Van Dijk, Teun A. (1988) 'The Tamil panic in the press.' In: Teun A. van Dijk, News Analysis: Case Studies of International and National News in the Press. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum, 215–254.
[51] Van Dijk, Teun A (2001) 'Critical Discourse Analysis.' In: Tannen, Deborah, Deborah Schiffrin and Heidi Hamilton (eds.) Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell, 352–371.
[52] Van Leeuwen, Theo (2008) Discourse and Practice: New Tools for Critical Discourse Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[53] von der Lippe, Gerd, Malcolm MacLean (2008) 'Brawling in Berne: Mediated transnational moral panics in the 1954 Football World Cup.' International Review for the Sociology of Sport 43(1), 71–90.
[54] Watson, Matthew R. (2013) 'The Dark Heart of Eastern Europe: Applying the British model to football-related violence and racism.' Emory International Law Review 27, 1055–1104.
[55] Wawrzyczek, Irmina, Zbigniew Mazur, Hanna Szewczyk and Alan Bairner (2010) Oswajanie Innego. Obraz Polski i Polaków w prasie brytyjskiej w latach 2002–2007 (Taming the Other: Poland and the Poles in the British press 2002–2007). Lublin: Gaudium.
[56] Wenner, Lawrence (ed.) (1998) Media Sport. London and New York: Routledge.
[57] Wensing, Emma H., Toni Bruce (2003) 'Bending the rules: Media representations of gender during an international sporting event.' International Review for the Sociology of Sport 38(4), 387–396.
[58] White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue 'Living Together As Equals in Dignity' (2008). Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
[59] Wizor, Michał (2012) 'Sport, medialność, pieniądze, prestiż – dlaczego EURO 2012 może stanowić potencjalnie atrakcyjny cel dla terrorystów?' (Sport, mediality, money, prestige – Euro 2012 as a potentially attractive target for terrorists). Społeczeństwo i Polityka 2 (31), 163–176.
[60] Wodak, Ruth and Michael Meyer (eds.) (2006) Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis. London: Sage.