Název: Sharing autobiographical memories in English computer-mediated discourse: a linguist's perspective
Zdrojový dokument: Brno studies in English. 2017, roč. 43, č. 2, s. [57]-78
Rozsah
[57]-78
-
ISSN0524-6881 (print)1805-0867 (online)
Trvalý odkaz (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/BSE2017-2-3
Trvalý odkaz (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/137607
Type: Článek
Jazyk
Licence: Neurčená licence
Upozornění: Tyto citace jsou generovány automaticky. Nemusí být zcela správně podle citačních pravidel.
Abstrakt(y)
In linguistics, autobiographical memory is currently under research as a basis for a number of literary genres, namely, memoirs, autobiographies, and diaries. As such, it has been narrativized to a great extent. The narrative in its classical understanding that goes back to Labov's definition has been traditionally viewed as a standard form of representing autobiographical recall reports. In this paper, the author argues that the role of the narrative in its original narrow meaning presupposing the chronological succession of events has been significantly exaggerated when it comes to verbal manifestation of memory. As the society is getting accustomed to innovative ways of communicating information, there develop new forms of representing existing language phenomena. This article presents the author's findings as regards forms of sharing autobiographical memories in English computer-mediated discourse. Upon analyzing a significant number of collected samples, the author arrives at the conclusion that the retrospective monologue is a recurrent verbalizer of autobiographical memories in English online communication and aims at identifying and describing its structural, communicative, and discourse features in this quality.
Note
The results of the research project are published with the financial support of Tula State University within the framework of the scientific project #2017-11PUBL.
Reference
[1] Abrantes, Ana Margarida (2010) Meaning and Mind: A Cognitive Approach to Peter Weiss' Prose Work. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
[2] Anderson, Linda (2001) Autobiography (The New Critical Idiom). Oxon: Routledge.
[3] Anderson, Linda (1996) Women and Autobiography in the Twentieth Century: Remembered Futures. New York: Prentice Hall.
[4] Bal, Mieke (2004) Narrative Theory: Special topics. London, New York: Taylor & Francis.
[5] Brooks, Kevin. (2009) 'More "Seriously Visible" Reading: McCloud, McLuhan, and the Visual Language of The Medium Is the Massage'. College Composition and Communication 61(1), W217–W237. http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Resources/Journals/CCC/0611-sep09/CCC0611More.pdf. Accessed on November 11, 2015.
[6] Chafe, Wallace (1990) 'Some things that narratives tell us about the mind'. In: Britton, Bruce K., Pellegrini, Anthony D. (eds.) Narrative Thought and Narrative Language, 79–98. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
[7] Chiu, Monica (2014) Drawing New Color Lines: Transnational Asian American Graphic Narratives. Hong Kong University Press.
[8] Cohn, Dorrit (1983) Transparent Minds. Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[9] December, John (§1996§) 'What is Computer-mediated Communication?' http://www.december.com/john/study/cmc/what.html Accessed on January 19, 2016.
[10] Dubovitskaya, Lyubov (2012) 'Znakovost' kreolizovannogo teksta pis'mennoi kommunikatsii (Sign Chracter of Written Creolized Texts)'. Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta 2. http://www.evestnik-mgou.ru/Articles/Doc/190 Accessed on February 1, 2016.
[11] Economou, Dororthy (2009) Photos in the News: appraisal analysis of visual semiosis and verbalvisual intersemiosis. Doctor of Philosophy thesis. Sydney: University of Sydney. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5740 Accessed on September 12, 2015.
[12] Eggins Suzanne and Diana Slade (2005) Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd.
[13] Finlayson Mark A. and Steven R. Corman (2013) 'The Military Interest in Narrative'. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, Special Issue on Formal and Computational Models of Narrative 37(1–2), 173–191.
[14] Fivush, Robyn (2011) 'The Development of Autobiographical Memory'. Annual Review of Psychology 62, 559–582. | DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131702
[15] Fludernik, Monika (2004) 'Extract from 'Virgin Territories: The strategic expansion of deictic options'. In Bal, Mieke (ed.) Narrative Theory. Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. Vol. II. Special Topics. London and New York: Routledge, 56–92.
[16] Goodwin, Charles (2000) 'Action and embodiment within situated human interaction'. Journal of Pragmatics, 32: 1489–1552. | DOI 10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00096-X
[17] Gottskálk, Jensson (2004) The Recollections of Encolpius: The Satyrica of Petronius as Milesian Fiction. Groningen: Barkhuis.
[18] Guseva, Galina V. (2003) 'K voprosu o vnutrennem monologue kak raznovidnosti pis'mennogo diskursa (On interior monologue as a variety of written discourse)'. Izvestiya Tul'skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Philologicheskie Nauki 3, 55–63.
[19] Harty, John Francis (2009) Oscillation in Literary Modernism. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
[20] Herring, Susan C. (2001) 'Computer-mediated Discourse'. In: Schiffrin, Deborah, Deborah Tannen and Heidi E. Hamilton (eds.) The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 612–634.
[21] Humphrey, Robert (1954) Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[22] Ioannidou, Stavrini (2013) Autofiction a la grècques: Greek autobiographical fiction (1971–1995). Unpublished PhD thesis. London: King's College London.
[23] King, Nicola (2000) Memory, Narrative, Identity. Remembering the Self. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
[24] Kirillova, Tatyana (2011) Vnutrennyaya rech v aspekte intrapersonal'noi kommunikatsii (Interior speech in the context of interpersonal communication). Unpublished PhD thesis. Samara: Samara State University of Economics.
[25] Korda, Olga (2013) Kreolizovannyi tekst v sovremennykh pechatnykh SMI: strukturnofunktsional'nye kharakteristiki (Creolized text in present-day print press: structural and functional characteristics). Unpublished PhD thesis. Ekaterinburg. http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/18959/1/urgu1208s.pdf Accessed on July 13, 2015.
[26] Kress, Gunther and Theo van Leeuwen (2001) Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
[27] Kucała, Boźena (2017) 'Penelope Lively's Autobiographical Memory'. Brno Studies in English 43(1): 157–169. | DOI 10.5817/BSE2017-1-9
[28] Labov, William (1972) Language in the Inner City. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
[29] Likhachov, Dmitriy S. (1971) Poetika drevnerusskoi literatury (Poetics of Old Russian Literature). Leningrad: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura.
[30] Linde, Charlotte (1993) Life Stories: The Creation of Coherence. New York: Oxford University Press.
[31] Martin, James Robert and David Rose (2008) Genre Relations: Mapping Culture. London: Equinox.
[32] Nelson, Katherine (2003a) 'Narrative and Self, Myth and Memory: Emergence of the Cultural Self'. In: Fivush, Robyn, Haden Catherine A. (eds.) Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of a Narrative Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. Mahwah and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 3–28.
[33] Nelson, Katherine (2003b) 'Self and social functions: Individual autobiographical memory and collective narrative'. Memory 11 (2): 125–136. | DOI 10.1080/741938203
[34] Nikolajeva, Maria (2002) The Rhetoric of Character in Children's Literature. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
[35] O'Halloran, Kay L. (1999) 'Towards a Systemic Functional Analysis of Multisemiotic Mathematics Texts'. Semiotica, 124(1/2), 1–29. | DOI 10.1515/semi.1999.124.1-2.1
[36] Olney, James (1998) Memory and Narrative: The Weave of Life-Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[37] Paterson, Eddie (2015) The Contemporary American Monologue: Performance and Politics. London, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
[38] Phillpotts, Bertha (2011) The Elder Edda and Ancient Scandinavian Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[39] Platonova Iuliia, Elena Tarasova and Anastasia Golubinskaya (2015) 'Creolized Text as a form of Modern Educational Discourse'. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. Worldwide trends in the development of education and academic research 214, 788–796. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815060747 Accessed on January 30, 2016.
[40] Plum, Guenter A. (1988) Text and Contextual Conditioning in Spoken English. A genre-based approach. Vol. 1. Ph.D. Thesis. http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/Print/Theses/PlumThesisVol1.pdf. Accessed on March 14, 2017.
[41] Richardson, Brian (2016) Unnatural Voices: Extreme Narration in Modern and Contemporary Fiction. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
[42] Richmond, Hugh M. (2015) The School of Love: The Evolution of the Stuart Love Lyric. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[43] Rothery, J. and M. K. Stenglin (1997) 'Entertaining and instructing: exploring experience through story'. In: Christie, Frances and James Robert Martin (eds.) Genre and Institutions: Social Processes in the Workplace and School. London: Cassell, 231–263.
[44] Russo, Carlo Ferdinando (2002) Aristophanes: An Author for the Stage. London: Routledge.
[45] Schroeder, Patricia R. (1989) The Presence of the Past in Modern American Drama. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
[46] Sergeeva, Yuliya M. (2009) Vnutrennyaya rech kak osobaya forma obscheniya (Interior speech as a special form of communication). Unpublished PhD thesis. Moscow: Moscow State Pedagogical University.
[47] Sharma, Siddhartha (2004) Arun Joshi's Novels: A Critical Study. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
[48] Smith, Sidonie (1987) A Poetics of Women's Autobiography: Marginality and the Fictions of Self-Representation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
[49] Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson (2010) Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press.
[50] Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson (1998) Women, Autobiography, Theory: A Reader (Wisconsin Studies in American Autobiography). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
[51] Sorokin, Yuriy A., Tarasov Evgeniy F. (1990) 'Kreolizovannyje teksty i ikh kommunikativnaya funktzija (Creolized texts and their communicative function)'. In: Kotov, Roman G. (ed.) Optimizatzija rechevogo vozdejstviya (Optimization of a speech effect). Moscow: Vysshaja shkola, 180–186.
[52] Tani Franca, Andrea Smorti and Carole Peterson (2015) 'Is friendship quality reflected in memory narratives?' Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 32 (3): 281–303.
[53] Tivyaeva, Irina (2014) 'Representation of retrospective memory and communicative context'. Jezikoslovlje 15(2–3): 283–306.
[54] Trávníková, Petra (2015) Language of the Internet: Positive Politeness Strategies Claiming Common Ground in Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication. A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis. PhD Dissertation. Brno: Masaryk University.
[55] Tumanov, Vladimir (1997) Mind Reading: Unframed Interior Monologue in European Fiction. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi.
[56] Voroshilova, Maria (2007) 'Kreolizovannyi tekst: aspekty izucheniya (Creolized text: aspects of study)'. Politicheskaya lingvistika (Political Linguistics) 21: 75–80. http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kreolizovannyy-tekst-aspekty-izucheniya-1. Accessed on April 21, 2011.
[57] Anonymous (2016) I saved a baby from growing up without a mother. The Guardian. 11 February 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2016/feb/11/saved-baby-growing-upwithout-mother-postnatal-depression Accessed on 25 February 2016.
[58] Dettmer, J. (2012) Syrian Army Accused of Vicious, Systematic Rape. The Daily Beast. 13 August, 2012. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/08/13/syrian-army-accused-of-vicioussystematic-rape.html Accessed on October 10, 2013.
[59] FloydTheBarber (2016) From awkward flirting by the water fountain to marriage. The Guardian. 12 February 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/careers/2016/feb/12/i-told-my-wife-she-wasbeing-made-redundant-your-office-romance-stories Accessed on 17 February 2016.
[60] Greenwood, Georgina (2015) Last night I delivered my first baby. It didn't go to plan but it was incredible. The Guardian. 30 July 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2015/jul/30/delivered-first-baby-incredible-midwife Accessed on 7 December 2015.
[61] Oates, Joyce Carol (2009) Upholstery. In: Oates, Joyce Carol. I Am No One You Know: And Other Stories. Zondervan, 105–116.
[62] Patterson, James, Roughan, Howard (2008) You've Been Warned. Vision. 2008.
[63] Pergament, D. (2008) Survival Sex: Iraqi Refugees. MarieClaire, 14 July 2008. http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/iraqi-refugees-prostitutes-sex?click=rel Accessed on 21 February 2015.
[64] Pesta, A. (2011) Diary of an Escaped Sex Slave. Marie Claire. July 20, 2011. http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/diary-escaped-sex-slave. Accessed on October 11, 2013.
[65] Tomlinson, Sally (2013) My university life as a woman professor. The Guardian. 31 January 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/jan/31/female-professor-university-life-equality. Accessed on 25 June 2014.
[2] Anderson, Linda (2001) Autobiography (The New Critical Idiom). Oxon: Routledge.
[3] Anderson, Linda (1996) Women and Autobiography in the Twentieth Century: Remembered Futures. New York: Prentice Hall.
[4] Bal, Mieke (2004) Narrative Theory: Special topics. London, New York: Taylor & Francis.
[5] Brooks, Kevin. (2009) 'More "Seriously Visible" Reading: McCloud, McLuhan, and the Visual Language of The Medium Is the Massage'. College Composition and Communication 61(1), W217–W237. http://www.ncte.org/library/NCTEFiles/Resources/Journals/CCC/0611-sep09/CCC0611More.pdf. Accessed on November 11, 2015.
[6] Chafe, Wallace (1990) 'Some things that narratives tell us about the mind'. In: Britton, Bruce K., Pellegrini, Anthony D. (eds.) Narrative Thought and Narrative Language, 79–98. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
[7] Chiu, Monica (2014) Drawing New Color Lines: Transnational Asian American Graphic Narratives. Hong Kong University Press.
[8] Cohn, Dorrit (1983) Transparent Minds. Narrative Modes for Presenting Consciousness in Fiction. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[9] December, John (§1996§) 'What is Computer-mediated Communication?' http://www.december.com/john/study/cmc/what.html Accessed on January 19, 2016.
[10] Dubovitskaya, Lyubov (2012) 'Znakovost' kreolizovannogo teksta pis'mennoi kommunikatsii (Sign Chracter of Written Creolized Texts)'. Vestnik Moskovskogo Gosudarstvennogo Oblastnogo Universiteta 2. http://www.evestnik-mgou.ru/Articles/Doc/190 Accessed on February 1, 2016.
[11] Economou, Dororthy (2009) Photos in the News: appraisal analysis of visual semiosis and verbalvisual intersemiosis. Doctor of Philosophy thesis. Sydney: University of Sydney. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5740 Accessed on September 12, 2015.
[12] Eggins Suzanne and Diana Slade (2005) Analysing Casual Conversation. London: Equinox Publishing Ltd.
[13] Finlayson Mark A. and Steven R. Corman (2013) 'The Military Interest in Narrative'. Sprache und Datenverarbeitung, Special Issue on Formal and Computational Models of Narrative 37(1–2), 173–191.
[14] Fivush, Robyn (2011) 'The Development of Autobiographical Memory'. Annual Review of Psychology 62, 559–582. | DOI 10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131702
[15] Fludernik, Monika (2004) 'Extract from 'Virgin Territories: The strategic expansion of deictic options'. In Bal, Mieke (ed.) Narrative Theory. Critical Concepts in Literary and Cultural Studies. Vol. II. Special Topics. London and New York: Routledge, 56–92.
[16] Goodwin, Charles (2000) 'Action and embodiment within situated human interaction'. Journal of Pragmatics, 32: 1489–1552. | DOI 10.1016/S0378-2166(99)00096-X
[17] Gottskálk, Jensson (2004) The Recollections of Encolpius: The Satyrica of Petronius as Milesian Fiction. Groningen: Barkhuis.
[18] Guseva, Galina V. (2003) 'K voprosu o vnutrennem monologue kak raznovidnosti pis'mennogo diskursa (On interior monologue as a variety of written discourse)'. Izvestiya Tul'skogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta, Philologicheskie Nauki 3, 55–63.
[19] Harty, John Francis (2009) Oscillation in Literary Modernism. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang.
[20] Herring, Susan C. (2001) 'Computer-mediated Discourse'. In: Schiffrin, Deborah, Deborah Tannen and Heidi E. Hamilton (eds.) The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 612–634.
[21] Humphrey, Robert (1954) Stream of Consciousness in the Modern Novel. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[22] Ioannidou, Stavrini (2013) Autofiction a la grècques: Greek autobiographical fiction (1971–1995). Unpublished PhD thesis. London: King's College London.
[23] King, Nicola (2000) Memory, Narrative, Identity. Remembering the Self. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
[24] Kirillova, Tatyana (2011) Vnutrennyaya rech v aspekte intrapersonal'noi kommunikatsii (Interior speech in the context of interpersonal communication). Unpublished PhD thesis. Samara: Samara State University of Economics.
[25] Korda, Olga (2013) Kreolizovannyi tekst v sovremennykh pechatnykh SMI: strukturnofunktsional'nye kharakteristiki (Creolized text in present-day print press: structural and functional characteristics). Unpublished PhD thesis. Ekaterinburg. http://elar.urfu.ru/bitstream/10995/18959/1/urgu1208s.pdf Accessed on July 13, 2015.
[26] Kress, Gunther and Theo van Leeuwen (2001) Multimodal Discourse: The Modes and Media of Contemporary Communication. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press.
[27] Kucała, Boźena (2017) 'Penelope Lively's Autobiographical Memory'. Brno Studies in English 43(1): 157–169. | DOI 10.5817/BSE2017-1-9
[28] Labov, William (1972) Language in the Inner City. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
[29] Likhachov, Dmitriy S. (1971) Poetika drevnerusskoi literatury (Poetics of Old Russian Literature). Leningrad: Khudozhestvennaya Literatura.
[30] Linde, Charlotte (1993) Life Stories: The Creation of Coherence. New York: Oxford University Press.
[31] Martin, James Robert and David Rose (2008) Genre Relations: Mapping Culture. London: Equinox.
[32] Nelson, Katherine (2003a) 'Narrative and Self, Myth and Memory: Emergence of the Cultural Self'. In: Fivush, Robyn, Haden Catherine A. (eds.) Autobiographical Memory and the Construction of a Narrative Self: Developmental and Cultural Perspectives. Mahwah and London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 3–28.
[33] Nelson, Katherine (2003b) 'Self and social functions: Individual autobiographical memory and collective narrative'. Memory 11 (2): 125–136. | DOI 10.1080/741938203
[34] Nikolajeva, Maria (2002) The Rhetoric of Character in Children's Literature. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press.
[35] O'Halloran, Kay L. (1999) 'Towards a Systemic Functional Analysis of Multisemiotic Mathematics Texts'. Semiotica, 124(1/2), 1–29. | DOI 10.1515/semi.1999.124.1-2.1
[36] Olney, James (1998) Memory and Narrative: The Weave of Life-Writing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
[37] Paterson, Eddie (2015) The Contemporary American Monologue: Performance and Politics. London, New York: Bloomsbury Publishing.
[38] Phillpotts, Bertha (2011) The Elder Edda and Ancient Scandinavian Drama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[39] Platonova Iuliia, Elena Tarasova and Anastasia Golubinskaya (2015) 'Creolized Text as a form of Modern Educational Discourse'. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences. Worldwide trends in the development of education and academic research 214, 788–796. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042815060747 Accessed on January 30, 2016.
[40] Plum, Guenter A. (1988) Text and Contextual Conditioning in Spoken English. A genre-based approach. Vol. 1. Ph.D. Thesis. http://www.isfla.org/Systemics/Print/Theses/PlumThesisVol1.pdf. Accessed on March 14, 2017.
[41] Richardson, Brian (2016) Unnatural Voices: Extreme Narration in Modern and Contemporary Fiction. Columbus: Ohio State University Press.
[42] Richmond, Hugh M. (2015) The School of Love: The Evolution of the Stuart Love Lyric. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
[43] Rothery, J. and M. K. Stenglin (1997) 'Entertaining and instructing: exploring experience through story'. In: Christie, Frances and James Robert Martin (eds.) Genre and Institutions: Social Processes in the Workplace and School. London: Cassell, 231–263.
[44] Russo, Carlo Ferdinando (2002) Aristophanes: An Author for the Stage. London: Routledge.
[45] Schroeder, Patricia R. (1989) The Presence of the Past in Modern American Drama. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
[46] Sergeeva, Yuliya M. (2009) Vnutrennyaya rech kak osobaya forma obscheniya (Interior speech as a special form of communication). Unpublished PhD thesis. Moscow: Moscow State Pedagogical University.
[47] Sharma, Siddhartha (2004) Arun Joshi's Novels: A Critical Study. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers & Dist.
[48] Smith, Sidonie (1987) A Poetics of Women's Autobiography: Marginality and the Fictions of Self-Representation. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
[49] Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson (2010) Reading Autobiography: A Guide for Interpreting Life Narratives. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press.
[50] Smith, Sidonie and Julia Watson (1998) Women, Autobiography, Theory: A Reader (Wisconsin Studies in American Autobiography). Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
[51] Sorokin, Yuriy A., Tarasov Evgeniy F. (1990) 'Kreolizovannyje teksty i ikh kommunikativnaya funktzija (Creolized texts and their communicative function)'. In: Kotov, Roman G. (ed.) Optimizatzija rechevogo vozdejstviya (Optimization of a speech effect). Moscow: Vysshaja shkola, 180–186.
[52] Tani Franca, Andrea Smorti and Carole Peterson (2015) 'Is friendship quality reflected in memory narratives?' Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 32 (3): 281–303.
[53] Tivyaeva, Irina (2014) 'Representation of retrospective memory and communicative context'. Jezikoslovlje 15(2–3): 283–306.
[54] Trávníková, Petra (2015) Language of the Internet: Positive Politeness Strategies Claiming Common Ground in Asynchronous Computer-Mediated Communication. A Socio-Pragmatic Analysis. PhD Dissertation. Brno: Masaryk University.
[55] Tumanov, Vladimir (1997) Mind Reading: Unframed Interior Monologue in European Fiction. Amsterdam and Atlanta: Rodopi.
[56] Voroshilova, Maria (2007) 'Kreolizovannyi tekst: aspekty izucheniya (Creolized text: aspects of study)'. Politicheskaya lingvistika (Political Linguistics) 21: 75–80. http://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kreolizovannyy-tekst-aspekty-izucheniya-1. Accessed on April 21, 2011.
[57] Anonymous (2016) I saved a baby from growing up without a mother. The Guardian. 11 February 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2016/feb/11/saved-baby-growing-upwithout-mother-postnatal-depression Accessed on 25 February 2016.
[58] Dettmer, J. (2012) Syrian Army Accused of Vicious, Systematic Rape. The Daily Beast. 13 August, 2012. http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/08/13/syrian-army-accused-of-vicioussystematic-rape.html Accessed on October 10, 2013.
[59] FloydTheBarber (2016) From awkward flirting by the water fountain to marriage. The Guardian. 12 February 2016. http://www.theguardian.com/careers/2016/feb/12/i-told-my-wife-she-wasbeing-made-redundant-your-office-romance-stories Accessed on 17 February 2016.
[60] Greenwood, Georgina (2015) Last night I delivered my first baby. It didn't go to plan but it was incredible. The Guardian. 30 July 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/healthcare-network/2015/jul/30/delivered-first-baby-incredible-midwife Accessed on 7 December 2015.
[61] Oates, Joyce Carol (2009) Upholstery. In: Oates, Joyce Carol. I Am No One You Know: And Other Stories. Zondervan, 105–116.
[62] Patterson, James, Roughan, Howard (2008) You've Been Warned. Vision. 2008.
[63] Pergament, D. (2008) Survival Sex: Iraqi Refugees. MarieClaire, 14 July 2008. http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/iraqi-refugees-prostitutes-sex?click=rel Accessed on 21 February 2015.
[64] Pesta, A. (2011) Diary of an Escaped Sex Slave. Marie Claire. July 20, 2011. http://www.marieclaire.com/world-reports/news/diary-escaped-sex-slave. Accessed on October 11, 2013.
[65] Tomlinson, Sally (2013) My university life as a woman professor. The Guardian. 31 January 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/blog/2013/jan/31/female-professor-university-life-equality. Accessed on 25 June 2014.