Title: Antiscientismus, konceptuální analýza, naturalismus
Variant title:
- Anti-scientism, conceptual analysis, naturalism
Source document: Pro-Fil. 2018, vol. 19, iss. 1, pp. 49-61
Extent
49-61
-
ISSN1212-9097 (online)
Persistent identifier (DOI): https://doi.org/10.5817/pf18-1-1764
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/138309
Type: Article
Language
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Filozofie ve 20. století ztratila velkou část svých kompetencí a pro svou údajnou neužitečnost se stala terčem kritiky ze strany přírodních vědců. Vztah mezi filozofií a vědou lze řešit pomocí tří stanovisek, kterými jsou antiscientismus, konceptuální analýza a naturalismus. Obsahem článku je charakteristika jednotlivých přístupů a identifikace problémů, s nimiž se musí jejich zastánci potýkat. Autorovi se jako nejslibnější jeví Quinem inspirovaný naturalismus, podle něhož má veškeré poznání povahu syntetických aposteriorních výroků, a filozofie je proto kontinuální s přírodní vědou. Není třeba obávat se zániku filozofie jako samostatné disciplíny, naturalismus může naopak přispět k dořešení mnohých filozofických problémů pomocí metodologie a poznatků přírodních věd.
Philosophy in the 20th century lost many of its competencies and was criticized by natural scientists for its alleged uselessness. The relationship between philosophy and science can be solved by adopting three standpoints, which are anti-scientism, conceptual analysis and naturalism. This article comprises characteristics of the different approaches and identification of problems which their advocates must confront. According to the author, the most promising one seems to be naturalism inspired by Quine, according to which all knowledge has the nature of synthetic a posteriori statements, and philosophy is therefore continuous with natural science. There is no need to worry about the extinction of philosophy as a separate discipline. On the contrary, naturalism may contribute to resolving many philosophical problems using the methodology and findings of science.
Note
Studie vznikla v rámci projektu "Epistemologický status vědy a problém demarkace pseudovědy" (Fond pro podporu vědecké činnosti FF UP, č. p. 452100761).
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[26] Lewis, D. (1970): How to Define Theoretical Terms, The Journal of Philosophy 67(13), 427–446. | DOI 10.2307/2023861
[27] Maddy, P. (1997): Naturalism in Mathematics, Clarendon Press.
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[38] Quine, W. V. O. (1981b): Things and Their Place in Theories, in Theories and Things, Harvard University Press, 1–23.
[39] Quine, W. V. O. (1995a): Dvě dogmata empirismu, in Peregrin, J. – Sousedík, P. (eds.) Co je analytický výrok?, OIKOYMENH, 79–99.
[40] Quine, W. V. O. (1995b): Naturalism; Or, Living Within One's Means, Dialectica 49(2–4), 251–261. | DOI 10.1111/j.1746-8361.1995.tb00164.x
[41] Quine, W. V. O. (1998): Ontologická relativita, in Peregrin, J. (ed.) Obrat k jazyku: druhé kolo, Filosofia, 47–82.
[42] Ritchie, J. (2008): Understanding Naturalism, Acumen Publishing.
[43] Rosenberg, A. (2011): The Atheist's Guide to Reality: Enjoying Life without Illusions, W. W. Norton & Company.
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