Title: Psychosociální souvislosti životní spokojenosti u žáků českých základních škol
Variant title:
- Psychosocial determinants of life satisfaction in pupils of Czech elementary schools
Source document: Annales psychologici. 2015, vol. 2 (16), iss. 1, pp. 39-54
Extent
39-54
-
ISSN2336-4939 (print)2336-8071 (online)
Stable URL (handle): https://hdl.handle.net/11222.digilib/134402
Type: Article
Language
Czech
License: Not specified license
Notice: These citations are automatically created and might not follow citation rules properly.
Abstract(s)
Cílem studie je prozkoumat faktory ovlivňující spokojenost se životem u dětí ve věku 8 až 14 let. Zaměřujeme se především na prozkoumání souvislostí životní spokojenosti se spokojeností s vlastním tělem a vzhledem i s kvalitou vztahů s dospělými a kamarády. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 350 žáků českých základních škol ve třech věkových skupinách 8–9, 10–11 a 12–14 let. Pro sběr dat byl použitý upravený dotazník GDSI – General Domain Satisfaction Index. Data byla analyzována pomocí programu SPSS, použity byly metody korelační analýzy, analýza rozptylu a parametrické T-testy pro nezávislé výběry. Bylo zjištěno, že dívky dosahují významně vyšší míry spokojenosti než chlapci a že celková životní spokojenost u celého souboru se s rostoucím věkem nemění. S celkovou životní spokojeností významně souvisí míra spokojenosti s vlastním tělem a vzhledem, přičemž spokojenost s oběma komponentami s rostoucím věkem klesá. Důležitým zdrojem spokojenosti v pubescenci je také kvalita vztahů s vrstevníky i dospělými.
The aim of the study is to investigate the factors influencing life satisfaction in children aged 8–14 years, including the satisfaction with their body and appearance, and the quality of relationships with friends and adults. The research sample consisted of 350 pupils of Czech primary schools. For data collection was used a modified questionnaire GDSII – General Domain Satisfaction Index. Data were analyzed using SPSS, the methods used were correlation analysis, analysis of variance and parametric T-test for independent samples. The results show that girls achieve significantly higher level of life satisfaction than boys and that general life satisfaction in the whole group does not change with increasing age. The general life satisfaction is also significantly related to the degree of satisfaction with their own body and appearance, while satisfaction with the two components decreases with increasing age. An important source of life satisfaction in pubescence is the quality of relationships with peers and adults.
References
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[2] Bergman, M. M., & Scott, J. (2001). Young adolescents' wellbeing and health-risk behaviours: gender and socioeconomic differences. Journal Of Adolescence, 24(2), 183–197. | DOI 10.1006/jado.2001.0378
[3] Bookwala, J., & Boyar, J. (2008). Gender, excessive body weight, and psychological well-being in adulthood. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 188–195. | DOI 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00423.x
[4] Brown, B. V. (2008). Key Indicators of child and youth well-being. New York: Psychology Press.
[5] Brunson, J. A., Overup, C. S., Nguyen, M., Novak, S. A., & Smith, C. V. (2014). Good intentions gone awry? Effects of weight-related social control on health and well-being. Body Image, 11, 1–10. | DOI 10.1016/j.bodyim.2013.08.003
[6] Campbell, A., Converse, P. E., & Rodgers, W. L. (1976). The quality of American life: perceptions, evaluations, and satisfactions. Nueva York: Russell Sage.
[7] Casas, F., Bello, A., Gonzalez, M., & Aligue, M. (2013). Children's subjective well-being measured using a composite index: What impacts Spanish first-year secondary education students' subjective well-being. Child Indicators Research, 6(3), 433–460. | DOI 10.1007/s12187-013-9182-x
[8] Casas, F., & Rees, G. (2015). Measures of Children's Subjective Well-Being: Analysis of the Potential for Cross-National Comparisons. Journal of the International Society for Child Indicators, 8(1), 49–69. doi:10.1007/s12187-014-9293-z | DOI 10.1007/s12187-014-9293-z
[9] DeNeve, K., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A meta-analysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124(2), 197–229. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.124.2.197
[10] Dew, T., & Huebner, E. S. (1994). Adolescents' perceived quality of life: An exploratory investigation. Journal of School Psychology, 32, 185–199. doi:10.1016/0022-4405(94)90010-8 | DOI 10.1016/0022-4405(94)90010-8
[11] Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125, 276–302. | DOI 10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276
[12] Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1), 34–43. | DOI 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.34
[13] Diener, E., Lucas, E. R, & Oishi, S. (2002). In Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, J. S. (Eds.), Handbook of Positive Psychology, 35–53, New York: Oxford University Press.
[14] Diener, E., & Scollon, Ch., N. (2014). The what, why, when, and How of teaching the science of subjective well-being. Teaching of Psychology, 41 (2), 175–183. | DOI 10.1177/0098628314530346
[15] Džuka, J. (1995). Sebaaktulizacia a subjektivna pohoda u slovenskej a nemeckej mladeže. Československá psychologie, 39,(1), 28–39.
[16] Ehrhardt, J. J., Saris, W. E., & Veenhoven, R. (2000). Stability of life-satisfaction over time: Analysis of change in ranks in a national population. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1(2), 177–205. | DOI 10.1023/A:1010084410679
[17] Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
[18] Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity: Youth and crisis. New York: W. W. Norton & Company.
[19] Fialová, L. (2001). Body image jako součást sebepojetí člověka. Praha: Karolinum.
[20] Fialová, L. (2006). Moderní body image: Jak se vyrovnat s kultem štíhlého těla. Praha: Grada.
[21] Gadermann, A., Schonert-Reichl, K., & Zumbo, B. (2010). Investigating Validity Evidence of the Satisfaction with Life Scale Adapted for Children. Social Indicators Research, 96(2), 229–247. doi:10.1007/s11205-009-9474-1 | DOI 10.1007/s11205-009-9474-1
[22] Grogan, S. (2000). Psychologie nespokojenosti s vlastním tělem. Praha: Grada Publishing.
[23] Haranin, E. C., Huebner, E. S., & Suldo, S. M. (2007). Predictive and incremental validity of global and domain-based adolescent life satisfaction reports. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 25, 127– 138. doi:10.1177/0734282906295620 | DOI 10.1177/0734282906295620
[24] Hlavačková, E., Hodačová, L., Csemy, L., Šmejkalová, J., & Čermáková, E. (2010). Kvalita života českých děti. Československá psychologie, 54, 2, 138–146.
[25] Hodačová, L., Hlavačková, E., Csemy, L., Šmejkalová, J., & Čermáková, E. (2011). Sociální vztahy jako důležitý faktor kvality života děti. Československá psychologie, 54, 1, 1–11.
[26] Holder, M. D., & Coleman, B. (2008). The contribution of temperament, popularity, and physical appearance to children's happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(2), 279–302. | DOI 10.1007/s10902-007-9052-7
[27] Chang, L., McBride-Chang, C., Stewart, S. M., & Au, E. (2003). Life satisfaction, self-concept, and family relations in Chinese adolescents and children. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 27, 182–189. | DOI 10.1080/01650250244000182
[28] Keyes, C. L. M., Myers, J., M., & Kendler, K. S. (2010). The structure of the genetic and environmental influences on mental well-being. American Journal of Public Health, 100 (12), 2379–2385. | DOI 10.2105/AJPH.2010.193615
[29] Larson, R., & Richards, M. H. (1994). Divergent realities: The emotional lives of mothers, fathers, and adolescents. New York: Basic Books.
[30] Macek, P. (2003). Adolescence. Praha: Portal.
[31] Mareš, J. (2001). Pozitivní psychologie: důvod k zamyšleni i výzva. Československá psychologie, 45(2), 97–117.
[32] Marklová, K. (2007). Hodnoty jako předpoklad životní spokojenosti. Nepublikovaná rigorózní práce. Brno: Masarykova univerzita.
[33] Marsh, H. W. (1998). Age and Gender Effects in Physical Self-Concepts for Adolescent Elite Athletes and Nonathletes: A Multicohort-Multioccassion Design. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 20, 237–259.
[34] Martin, K., Huebner, E. S., & Valois, R. F. (2008). Does life satisfaction predict victimization experiences in adolescence? Psychology in the Schools, 45, 705–714. doi:10.1002/pits.20336. | DOI 10.1002/pits.20336
[35] Mykolajczyk, R. T., Iannotti, R. J., Farhat, T., & Thomas, V. (2012). Ethnic differences in perceptions of body satisfaction and body appearance among U.S. schoolchildren: A cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 425. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-425 | DOI 10.1186/1471-2458-12-425
[36] Morganti, J. B., Nehrke, M. F., Hulicka, I. M., & Cataldo, J. F. (1988). Lifespan differences in life satisfaction, self-concept, and locus of control. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 26(1), 45–56. | DOI 10.2190/HDAD-XT0C-W8JB-63DR
[37] Park, N. (2005). Life satisfaction among Korean children and youth: A developmental perspective. School Psychology International, 26(2), 209–223. | DOI 10.1177/0143034305052914
[38] Schimmack, U., Krause, P., Wagner, G., & Schnupp, J. (2010). Stability and change of well being: An experimentally enhanced latent state-trait-error analysis. Social Indicators Research, 95(1), 19–31. | DOI 10.1007/s11205-009-9443-8
[39] Seligson, J. L., Huebner, E. S., & Valois, R. F. (2005). An investigation of a Brief Life Satisfaction Scale with elementary school children. Social Indicators Research, 73, 355–374. doi:10.1007/s11205-004-2011-3 | DOI 10.1007/s11205-004-2011-3
[40] Slee, P. T., & Rigby, K. (1993). Australian school children's self-appraisal of interpersonal relations. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 23, 273–282. | DOI 10.1007/BF00707680
[41] Slezáčková, A. (2012). Průvodce pozitivní psychologií. Nové přístupy, aktuální poznatky, praktické aplikace. Praha: Grada Publishing.
[42] Shek, D. T. L., Ma, H. K., & Sun, R. C. F. (2011). A brief overview of adolescent developmental problems in Hong Kong. The Scientific World Journal, 11, 2243–2256. | DOI 10.1100/2011/896835
[43] Shek, D. T., L., & Liu, T. T. (2014). Life satisfaction in junior secondary school students in Hong Kong: A 3-year longitudinal study. Social Indicators Research, 117(3), 777–794. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-013-0398-4 | DOI 10.1007/s11205-013-0398-4
[44] Štěpánková, M. (1999). Postoj žaků staršího školního věku k životním situacím. In M. Svoboda, & M. Blatny, (Eds.), Sociální procesy a osobnost ‘99: sborník příspěvků, 159–163. Brno: MU.
[45] Vagnerová, M. (1999). Vývojová psychologie: Dětství, dospělost, stáří. Praha: Portal.
[46] Zemanova, V., & Dolejš, M., (2015). Životní spokojenost, sebehodnocení a výskyt rizikového chování u klientů nízkoprahových zařízení pro děti a mládež. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci.